AIM: To investigate the relationship among pretreatment serum CXC chemokine ligand 10(CXCL10),thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) levels and thyroid dysfunction(TD) in Chinese hepatitis C patients.METHODS: One hundred and thirty-nine treatmentnaive genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients with no history of TD or treatment with thyroid hormones were enrolled in this study.Patients underwent peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin(Peg IFNα-2a/RBV) treatment for 48 wk,followed by detection of clinical factors at each follow-up point.Hepatitis C virus(HCV) antibodies were analyzed using microsomal chemiluminescence,and serum HCV RNA was measured by real-time PCR assay at 0,4,12,24 and 48 wk after the initiation of therapy and 24 wk after the end of therapy.To assess thyroid function,serum thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),free thyroxine(FT4),free triodothyronine(FT3) and TPOAb/thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb) levels were determined using chemiluminescent immunoassays every 3 mo.Serum CXCL10 levels were determined at baseline.RESULTS: The prevalence of TD was 18.0%.Twentyone(84.0%) out of twenty-five patients exhibited normal thyroid function at week 24 after therapy.The rate of sustained virological response to Peg IFNα-2a/RBV in our study was 59.0%(82/139),independent of thyroid function.Pretreatment serum CXCL10 levels were significantly increased in patients with euthyroidstatus compared with patients with TD(495.2 ± 244.2 pg/m L vs 310.0 ± 163.4 pg/m L,P = 0.012).Patients with TD were more frequently TPOAb-positive than non-TD(NTD) patients(24.2% vs 12.3%,P = 0.047) at baseline.Three of the one hundred and fifteen patients without TPOAb at baseline developed TD at the end of treatment(37.5% vs 2.6%,P = 0.000).Female patients exhibited an increased risk for developing TD compared with male patients(P = 0.014).CONCLUSION: Lower pretreatment serum CXCL10 levels are associated with TD,and TD prevalence increases in female patients and patients who are positive for TPOAb at baseline. AIM: To investigate the relationship among pretreatment serum CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels and thyroid dysfunction (TD) in Chinese hepatitis C patients. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-nine treatmentnaive genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients with no history of TD or treatment with thyroid hormones were enrolled in this study. Patients underwent peginterferon alfa-2a / ribavirin (Peg IFNα-2a / RBV) treatment for 48 weeks followed by detection of clinical factors at each follow-up point .Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies were analyzed using microsomal chemiluminescence, and serum HCV RNA was measured by real-time PCR assay at 0, 4, 12, 24 and 48 wk after initiation of therapy and 24 weeks after the end of therapy .To assess thyroid function, serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triodothyronine (FT3) and TPOAb / thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) levels were determined using chemiluminescent immunoassays every 3 mo.Serum CXCL10 levels were determined at baseline .RESULTS: The prevalence of TD was 18.0%. Twentyone (84.0%) out of twenty-five patients showed normal thyroid function at week 24 after therapy. The rate of sustained virological response to Peg IFNα-2a / RBV in our Study was 59.0% (82/139), independent of thyroid function. Retreatment serum CXCL10 levels were significantly increased in patients with euthyroid status compared with patients with TD (495.2 ± 244.2 pg / m L vs 310.0 ± 163.4 pg / m L, P = 0.012). Patients with TD were more frequently TPOAb-positive than non-TD (NTD) patients (24.2% vs 12.3%, P = 0.047) at baseline. Three of the one hundred and fifteen patients without TPOAb at baseline developed TD at the end of treatment (37.5% vs 2.6%, P = 0.000) .Female patients showed an increased risk for developing TD compared with male patients (P = 0.014) .CONCLUSION: Lower pretreatment serum CXCL10 levels are associated with TD, and TD prevalence increases in female patients and patients who are positive for TPOAb at baseli ne.