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对大口黑鲈国内养殖种群(G)和北方亚种(N)、佛罗里达亚种(F)两个野生种群共23个个体的线粒体DNA D-loop区序列进行分析,探讨国内养殖大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)的分类地位和遗传变异。D-loop区序列分析结果表明,共检测到73个变异位点,总变异率为9.0%。三群体间没有共享单倍型,群体G的5个个体含2种单倍型,群体N的11个个体含9种单倍型,群体F中每个个体均为一种单倍型。对三个群体间的遗传距离分析表明,养殖群体与北方亚种野生群体的遗传距离为0.009,与佛罗里达亚种野生群体的遗传距离为0.053,表明国内养殖的大口黑鲈在分类上属于北方亚种,分子系统进化树的进一步分析结果与其一致。群体N、F和G的核苷酸多样性指数(π)依次为0.008 2,0.013和0.000 5,单倍型多样性指数(h)分别为0.946,1.000和0.400,显示出养殖大口黑鲈群体的遗传多样性相比国外野生群体有明显下降,有必要开展大口黑鲈的遗传改良研究,提高其种质质量。
The mitochondrial DNA D-loop region sequences of 23 domesticated populations (G), northern subspecies (N) and Florida subspecies (F) from two wild populations of largemouth bass were analyzed. Micropterus salmoides) taxonomic status and genetic variation. Sequence analysis of D-loop region showed that a total of 73 mutation sites were detected, with a total mutation rate of 9.0%. There were no haplotypes among the three groups, five individuals in group G contained two haplotypes, eleven individuals in population N contained nine haplotypes, and each individual in population F was a haplotype. Genetic distance analysis of the three populations showed that the genetic distance between the cultured population and wild populations of northern subspecies was 0.009, and the genetic distance from wild populations of Florida subspecies was 0.053, indicating that domestic breeds of largemouth bass belonged to North Asia Species, molecular phylogenetic tree further analysis consistent with the results. The nucleotide diversity indices (π) of populations N, F and G were 0.008, 2.0.013 and 0.0005 respectively, and the haplotype diversity index (h) was 0.946, 1.000 and 0.400, respectively, indicating that the population of largemouth bass Compared with the wild populations in the world, there is a significant decrease in genetic diversity. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out genetic improvement studies on largemouth bass to improve their germplasm quality.