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在最高运行速度下,城间旅客列车约需、消耗75％的车轮有效牵引功率克服空气阻力。由于所需的牵引功率差不多与速度的平方成正比,因而APT与HST的发展需要有效地改善空气动力学设计。与15年前的列车相比,现代高速列车的空气动力效率提高了40％以上。其主要原因是改善了车顶和两侧的表面光洁度和使容纳附加设备的车辆下部成流线形。研究也表明,在货物运输中,例如减小集装箱之间的间隔和使集装箱端部拐角处稍呈圆弧状都可以显著降低牵引功率的消耗。运动的总阻力通常表示为:
At maximum speed, an intercity passenger train takes about 75% of the wheel’s effective traction power to overcome air resistance. Since the required traction power is almost proportional to the square of the speed, the development of APT and HST needs to effectively improve the aerodynamic design. The aerodynamic efficiency of modern high-speed trains has risen by more than 40% over trains 15 years ago. The main reason is to improve the surface finish of the roof and the sides and to streamline the lower part of the vehicle containing the additional equipment. Studies have also shown that the reduction of traction power can be significantly reduced in the carriage of goods, for example by reducing the spacing between containers and by slightly arcing the corners of the container ends. The total resistance to exercise is usually expressed as: