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人们表达思想传递信息最重要的工具是语言。交际中,说话人所传达的、听话人所获得的往往是语言的正值信息。如果语言表达的这种效果叫语言的正效应,那么,听话人获得负值信息,或者说,语言在交际中产生的是与其正值信息相反的效果,则叫做语言的逆效应。马克思曾说过:“市场上叫卖得最响亮的人,是想把最坏的货物推销出去。”“叫卖得最响亮”的商人,其叫卖的语言的正值信息一定是“货真价实”、“物美价廉”,但马克思
The most important tool for people to express information through thought is language. In communication, what the speaker conveys and what the listener obtains is often the positive information of the language. If this effect of linguistic expression is called the positive effect of language, then the listener obtains negative information, or that the language produced in the communication is the opposite of the positive information, it is called the inverse effect of the language. Marx once said: “The people who sell the loudest in the market want to sell the worst goods.” The merchant who sells the loudest, the positive information of the language he sells must be “genuine,” " Cheap, but Marx