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随着化学疗法的进展,临床各种感染表现形式也发生了改变。无论急慢性疾患,50～60年代以金黄色葡萄球菌为主的革兰氏阳性菌有减少倾向;从60年代中叶起,革兰氏阴性菌,特别是杆菌有增加趋势,绿脓杆菌和变形杆菌有引人注目的增多。其原因有滥用抗生素造成菌交替现象;滥用肾上腺皮质激素,放疗、免疫抑制剂和抗癌剂使用造成了宿主免疫能低下。最主要原因是化学疗法普及致葡萄球菌耐药性增加和菌交替现象形成菌丛变化。往往未检定细菌和作敏感试验即凭经验乱用抗生素,因而疗效不高或造成病情变化。为了正确了解与使用化学疗法,有必要介绍一下化学疗法的基本原则。1.细菌检查和敏感试验:耳鼻咽喉科分离和
With the progress of chemotherapy, clinical manifestations of various infections also changed. Regardless of acute and chronic diseases, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria predominated in the 1950s and 1960s tended to decrease. From the mid-1960s, Gram-negative bacteria, especially bacilli, tended to increase. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and deformation There is a noticeable increase in bacilli. The reasons for the abuse of antibiotics caused by alternating bacteria; abuse of adrenal cortex hormones, radiotherapy, immunosuppressive agents and the use of anti-cancer agents caused the host immune compromise. The main reason is the popularity of chemotherapy caused by Staphylococcus aureus increased resistance and bacterial alternation phenomenon formed plexus changes. Often untested bacteria and sensitive tests that make use of empirical chaos with antibiotics, and thus curative effect is not high or cause changes in the condition. In order to correctly understand and use chemotherapy, it is necessary to introduce the basic principles of chemotherapy. 1. Bacterial examination and sensitivity test: otolaryngology separation and