范仲淹是我国十一世纪前期的政治改革家。他曾因大胆言事而一连三次遭贬;直至五十五岁时,才有机会施展抱负,为实现其政治理想而进行了一次变法改革的尝试。这事发生在宋仁宗(赵祯)庆历年间,所以史称“庆历新政”。北宋建国以来,为了加强中央集权的专制统治,一方面竭力削弱文武职官——特别是将帅的实权,另一方 Fan Zhongyan is a political reformer in China’s early eleventh century. He was demoted three times for his bold words; until the age of fifty-five, he had the opportunity to exert his ambitions and to carry out an attempt to reform the law in order to realize his political ideal. This happened in Song Renzong (Zhao Zhen) Qing calendar year, so the history called “Qingli New Deal ”. Since the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to strengthen the autocratic rule of centralized power, on the one hand, it has done its utmost to weaken the real power of civil and military officials, especially generals, while the other