论文部分内容阅读
出土于内蒙古赤峰初头朗小南山地点的哺乳动物化石新材料有直隶犬(Canis chihliensis),泥河湾披毛犀(Coelodonta nihowanensis),中国长鼻三趾马(Hipparion(Proboscidipparion)sinense),三门马(Equus sanmeniensis),李氏野猪(Sus lydekkeri),湖麂相似种(Muntiacus cf.M.lacustris),山西轴鹿(Axis shansius),布氏真枝角鹿(Eucladoceros boulei),翁氏转角羚羊(Spirocerus cf.S.wongi)及古中华野牛(Bison palaeosinensis)。加上此前在初头朗东梁、东村北沟和东村南沟3个地点出土的标本,初头朗一带出土的哺乳动物化石种类增加到30个。初头朗4个地点的哺乳动物化石产自同一层位,属于同一个动物群。根据动物群的二元相似性系数,初头朗动物群在组成上最接近狭义泥河湾动物群。综合Brainerd-Robinson排序结果、动物群古老系数和动物群中绝灭种类的百分比,初头朗动物群的时代介于狭义泥河湾动物群和柳城巨猿洞动物群之间;而根据与相关动物群年龄值的对比,初头朗动物群的年龄值约在1.4–1.6 Ma之间。初头朗动物群中的食肉目种类有11个,但大多为小型种类。奇蹄目和偶蹄目种类的总和占动物群总数的一半,大多为体型较大的种类。该动物群中的嫩食者和林栖者指示当时存在一定范围的森林和林地;而动物群中的粗食者及开阔地栖息者指示当时存在面积较大的草原和草甸。初头朗动物群的大部分种类是喜温动物,喜冷种类只有鼠兔和披毛犀,因此当时的气候与现今大致相同。在地理位置上初头朗动物群是我国最靠北和最靠东的早更新世动物群,因此可以推荐为东北地区的早更新世哺乳动物群典型地点。
New mammalian fossil materials excavated at the site of the early headlong Xiaonan Mountain in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia are: Canis chihliensis, Coelodonta nihowanensis, Hipparion (Proboscidipparion) sinense, Equus sanmeniensis, Sus lydekkeri, Muntiacus cf.M. lacustris, Axis shansius, Eucladoceros boulei, Spirocerus cf.S.wongi and Bison palaeosinensis. Coupled with the specimens unearthed in the early stages of Longdongliang, Dongcun Beigou and Dongcun Nanogou, the number of mammalian fossils unearthed in the early headlong area increased to 30. Mammal fossils from the first four spots are from the same layer and belong to the same fauna. According to the bivariate similarity coefficient of the fauna, the initial head Langrang fauna is the closest in composition to the narrow Nihewan fauna. Based on the Brainerd-Robinson rankings, the ancient fauna coefficient of fauna and the percentage of extinct species in the fauna, the age of the early headlong fauna is between that of the narrowly defined Nihewan fauna and the giant ape-dong fauna of Liucheng; In comparison with the age of fauna, the age of the early headlong fauna is about 1.4-1.6 Ma. There are 11 carnivorous species in the early headlong fauna, but most of them are small species. Cholera and Artiodactyla species accounted for half of the total number of animal populations, mostly larger body types. The group of young and forest herders indicated that there was a certain range of forests and woodlands at that time, while the animals in the fauna and the open-air habitat indicated that there were large-scale grasslands and meadows at that time. Much of the early-head animal fauna is a warm-temperate animal, and the cold-wintering species are the pika and the rhinoceros, so the climate at that time was about the same as today. Geographically, the Catharomic fauna is the most northerly and easterly Pleistocene fauna in our country and can therefore be recommended as a typical Pleistocene mammalian herd in the Northeast.