目的　观察糖尿病 4周大鼠肺细胞外基质的变化。方法　采用特殊染色、免疫组织化学方法和图像分析技术 ,了解肺细胞外基质变化。结果　糖尿病肺弹性纤维、胶原纤维和网状纤维增多、增粗 ; 型胶原呈索状或丛状分布于肺泡隔、细支气管基底膜和毛细血管基底膜 ;层粘连蛋白呈线状或索状分布于肺泡隔、肺泡上皮、小血管及细支气管上皮基底膜。图像分析表明 ,糖尿病肺弹性纤维、胶原纤维、网状纤维、 型胶原和层粘连蛋白的着色面积、积分光密度和相对含量均高于对照组。结论　提示糖尿病早期已存在肺细胞外基质异常变化 Objective To observe the changes of pulmonary extracellular matrix in diabetic rats for 4 weeks. Methods Special staining, immunohistochemistry and image analysis techniques were used to understand the extracellular matrix changes. Results Diabetic pulmonary elastic fibers, collagen fibers and reticular fibers increased, thickening; type collagen was cordlike or plexiform distribution in the alveolar septum, bronchiolar basement membrane and capillary basement membrane; laminin was linear or cord-like distribution In the alveolar septa, alveolar epithelium, small blood vessels and bronchial epithelial basement membrane. Image analysis showed that the staining area, integral optical density and relative content of diabetic pulmonary elastic fibers, collagen fibers, reticular fibers, collagen and laminin were higher than those of the control group. Conclusions suggest that abnormal changes of pulmonary extracellular matrix exist in the early stage of diabetes