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精子发生是由精原细胞增殖、精母细胞减数分裂以及精子形成所组成的连续过程。精子发生也是染色质不断凝集的过程,最终在精子头部达到高度浓缩状态。近年来的研究表明,表观遗传调控在精子发生过程中发挥作用。我们将从三方面简要阐述精子发生过程中的表观遗传学调控机制:DNA甲基化,组蛋白修饰以及非编码RNA。这些表观因素之间也可以互相调控,通过调控基因表达、转座子活化、性染色体失活以及基因印记等,在精子发生,受精以及胚胎发育过程中扮演重要角色。
Spermatogenesis is a continuous process consisting of spermatogonia proliferation, spermatocyte meiosis and spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis is also a process of chromatin condensation, eventually reaching a highly concentrated state in the sperm head. In recent years, studies have shown that epigenetic regulation plays a role in the process of spermatogenesis. We will briefly explain the epigenetic regulation of spermatogenesis in three aspects: DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA. These epigenetic factors can also regulate each other and play an important role in spermatogenesis, fertilization and embryonic development by regulating gene expression, transposon activation, sex chromosome inactivation and gene imprinting.