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于2014—2015年在内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗内蒙古棉花综合实验站设置大田试验,以‘中棉所50’为材料,采用“一膜三管六行”机采棉配套栽培技术种植,研究播期(4月20日、4月30日和5月10日)对棉花产量、品质及养分吸收的影响.结果表明:随着播期推迟,棉花生育时期推迟,生育期缩短,铃期日均温降低,收获密度增加;播期显著影响棉株干物质累积、养分吸收与分配,以及产量和品质形成,4月30日播种条件下,棉株干物质和养分在经济器官中的分配比例、养分总积累量及养分的皮棉生产效率较高,籽棉和皮棉产量最高,达6505.9和2660.9 kg·hm~(-2),且纤维品质较优;4月20日播期下,收获密度、生物量和养分累积量最低,虽然生物量和养分经济系数最高,但最终籽棉和皮棉产量仍较4月30日播期降低10.9%~14.0%和11.1%~14.2%;5月10日播期,虽然可以避开种子萌发期低温冷害,但棉铃发育期日均温偏低,尽管生物量和养分累积量最高,但是生物量和养分经济系数、养分的皮棉生产效率最低,最终籽棉和皮棉产量较4月30日播期降低32.5%~34.7%和35.9%~36.2%,且纤维品质最差.综合分析,4月30日左右为内蒙古西部荒漠旱区棉花种植的最佳播期.
In 2014-2015, a field experiment was carried out in the Inner Mongolia Cotton Comprehensive Experiment Station of Alxa Left Banner in Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Using ’Zhongmian 50’ as the material, “one film, three tubes and six lines” The effects of sowing date (April 20, April 30 and May 10) on cotton yield, quality and nutrient uptake were studied.The results showed that with the delay of sowing date, the growth period of cotton was delayed and the growth period shortened , The average daily temperature in boll stage decreased and the density of harvest increased. The sowing date significantly affected the dry matter accumulation, nutrient absorption and distribution, and the yield and quality formation of cotton plants. Under the sowing conditions on April 30, the dry matter and nutrients of cotton plants were in economic organs The highest proportion of seed cotton and lint yield reached 6505.9 and 2660.9 kg · hm -2, and the fiber quality was better. On April 20, the sowing date was the highest, The final harvest of seed and lint yield was still 10.9% -14.0% and 11.1% -14.2% less than the sowing date of April 30, though the highest biomass and nutrients were the highest. Day sowing date, although the seeds can be avoided during germination chilling damage, but boll development Although the average daily temperature was low, the biomass and nutrient cumulation were the highest, but the biomass and nutrient economic coefficient and nutrient lint yield were the lowest. The final seed cotton and lint yield were reduced by 32.5% -34.7% and 35.9% respectively from April 30 % ~ 36.2%, and the fiber quality is the worst.A comprehensive analysis shows that on the 30th of April, the best sowing time for cotton planting in the western arid desert area of Inner Mongolia.