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[目的]探讨miRNA-150、miRNA-146a在脓毒症患儿血清中的表达及临床意义.[方法]选取2014年2月至2016年2月在本院儿科ICU病房住院的脓毒症患儿62例(脓毒症组),另外选取同时期的全身炎症反应综合征(Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome,SIRS)患儿30例(SIRS组),30例健康儿童作为健康对照组,比较三组及不同脓毒症病情患儿外周血中的miRNA-150、miRNA-146a、TNF-α和IL-10水平.[结果]脓毒症患儿外周血中的miRNA-146a、TNF-α和IL-10水平均明显高于健康对照组和SIRS组,而miRNA-150水平明显低于健康对照组和SIRS组,其差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不同严重程度脓毒症患儿外周血miRNA-150、miRNA-146a、TNF-α和IL-10水平具有显著的差异(P＜0.05);miRNA-150与SOFA评分、TNF-α、IL-10呈现负相关(P ＜0.05);miRNA-146a与SOFA评分、TNF-α、IL-10呈正相关.[结论]脓毒症患儿外周血中的miR-NA-150下调,miRNA-146a上调,两者表达水平与患儿炎症因子水平及疾病预后等密切相关.“,”[Objective]To investigate the expression of miRNA-150,miRNA-146a in serum of children with sepsis and its clinical significance.[Methods]Between February 2014 and February 2016,62 patients with sepsis in the pediatric ICU were selected as sepsis group,and 30 children with SIRS in the same period of time were selected as SIRS group and other 30 healthy children as control group,miRNA-150,miRNA-146a,TNF-and IL-10 in peripheral blood of different levels of three groups of children with sepsis were compared.[Results]Levels of miR-NA-146a,TNF-and IL-10 in the peripheral blood of the sepsis group were significantly higher than those of the control group and the SIRS group,while the miRNA-150 level was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group and the SIRS group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05);levels of miRNA-146a,TNF-and IL-10 miRNA-150 in peripheral blood of different severity of sepsis in children were significantly different (P ＜0.05);MiRNA-150 was negatively related with the SOFA score,TNF-alpha and IL-10 (P ＜0.05);while MiRNA-146a was positively correlated with the SOFA score,TNF-alpha and IL-10.[Conclusion]miRNA-150 in the peripheral blood of children with sepsis tends to be down-regulated,and the miRNA-146a tends to be up-regulated.The expression levels of the above two were closely related with levels of inflammatory factors and prognosis of the disease.