在国外,由于铁道车辆运行速度的不断提高和载重量的增大,车体结构日趋轻量化。为了检查轻量化车体在强度、刚度方面设计是否合理,尽管目前许多技术发达的国家在计算技术方面有很大发展,但强度试验(包括刚度试验,下同)仍然是检验鉴定产品、验证修正计算方法的一个重要手段。为使结构设计合理、试验工况尽量接近运用实际,必须研究车体在运行中承受载荷的情况。车体承受的主要载荷是静载荷,而 Abroad, due to the continuous improvement of the running speed of railway vehicles and the increase of load carrying capacity, the structure of the vehicle body is becoming increasingly lightweight. In order to check whether the design of the lightweight body in terms of strength and stiffness is reasonable, even though many developed countries in the world have made great progress in computational technology at present, the strength tests (including the stiffness test, the same below) are still the product of verification and verification. An important means of calculating method. In order to make the structure design reasonable and the experimental conditions as close as possible to the practical situation, it is necessary to study the situation of the body under load during operation. The main load the car body is static load, and