甲午战争之后以张之洞为代表的地方督抚将强兵与教育当作富国图强的第一要务。基于人才匮乏,选择向日本派遣留学生,试图借助日本的教育资源作为解决瓶颈的捷径;事与愿违的是留日学生迅速觉醒,他们种种“反叛”行径使督抚们的名誉声望和辖区统治受到严重挑战。为此,张之洞等采用加强行政管理、严格选送学生、强化政治思想监控、参与制定留学生的考核办法和恩威并重等策略与留日学生展开政治博弈,但是,学生们的革命思想日渐成熟,在满、汉矛盾加剧的政治环境下,在辛亥革命前夕,这场政治博弈胜负已经底定。 Local governors, represented by Zhang Zhidong after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, regarded the military and education as the most important task for the rich countries. Based on the lack of qualified personnel, they chose to send overseas students to Japan and try to use Japan’s educational resources as a shortcut to solve the bottleneck. As a countermeasure, the students in Japan were quickly awakened and their “rebel” actions seriously damaged the reputation and jurisdiction of the governors challenge. For this reason, Zhang Zhidong and other students adopted the strategy of strengthening administration, strictly selecting and sending students, strengthening the monitoring of political thoughts, taking part in the formulation of assessment methods for overseas students and equal importance on both benefactors and other tactics to start a political game with students studying in Japan. However, students’ revolutionary ideas are gradually becoming mature In the political environment in which Manchu and Han contradictions intensified, on the eve of the Revolution of 1911, the outcome of this political game has been finalized.