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目的分析黔东南州狂犬病疫情的流行病学特征,探讨流行因素,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法用描述性流行病学方法对黔东南州2010—2014年报告的狂犬病病例进行分析。结果黔东南州2010—2014年狂犬病年均发病率0.58/10万,呈下降趋势。2010—2014年分别报告27例、27例、19例、17例和15例,共105例。发病以男性为主,性别比2.31;年龄以40~59岁组最多(35.2%);职业以农民为主(73.3%)。在100例网络报告的本地病例中,除6例暴露史不详外,暴露后未处理伤口占63.8%,自行处理伤口占27.7%;狂犬疫苗接种率为9.4%,82例Ⅲ度暴露的病例中狂犬疫苗接种率为9.8%;狂犬免疫球蛋白注射率为3.7%。结论加强对重点人群狂犬病防治知识的宣传,暴露后及时规范处置伤口,提高暴露后狂犬病疫苗的接种率,并强化犬只管理等措施,是防控狂犬病的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies epidemics in Southeast Guizhou and to explore the epidemic factors to provide the basis for the development of prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze rabies cases reported in Qiandongnan from 2010-2014. Results The annual incidence of rabies in Qiandongnan from 2010 to 2014 was 0.58 / 100000, showing a decreasing trend. 2010-2014 reported 27 cases, 27 cases, 19 cases, 17 cases and 15 cases, a total of 105 cases. Incidence of male-dominated, the sex ratio 2.3 1; aged 40 to 59 years old group up (35.2%); occupation to farmers (73.3%). Among the 100 local cases reported by the Internet, except for 6 cases of unexplained exposure, 63.8% of untreated wounds were exposed after treatment and 27.7% of wounds were treated by themselves; rabies vaccine coverage rate was 9.4%. Among 82 cases of Ⅲ-degree exposure Rabies vaccination rate of 9.8%; rabies immunoglobulin injection rate of 3.7%. Conclusion It is the key to prevent and control rabies by strengthening the publicity of rabies prevention and control knowledge in key populations, regulating the wounds in a timely manner after exposure, increasing the vaccination rate of post-exposure rabies vaccine and strengthening the management of dogs.