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目的通过对某电解锰企业工作场所职业性有害因素的识别、检测和评价,为预防和控制职业病危害提供依据。方法以本省某电解锰生产企业为对象,了解电解锰生产工艺流程,辨识生产过程中存在的职业性有害因素,调查职业病危害防护设施使用和职业卫生管理的实施情况。依据国家相关标准和技术规范的要求,对生产过程中各主要作业场所职业性有害因素的浓(强)度进行测定,并对检测结果进行分析;评价其职业性有害程度及防护设施的效果并提出合理、可行的职业卫生防护对策和建议。结果该电解锰企业工作场所中工人接触的主要职业性有害因素为:粉尘、硫酸酸雾、锰及其化合物、氨、二氧化硒、二氧化碳、重铬酸钾、噪声等8种。在检测的工作场所中,氨、二氧化硒、二氧化碳、重铬酸钾4种毒物的空气中浓度均未超过工作场所有害因素职业接触限值;矿石粉碎和极板剥离岗位Leq(A).8 h超过85 dB(A);制液车间空气中硫酸酸雾浓度为11.9 mg/m3;磨粉收料和加料浆化岗位空气中锰及其化合物浓度为0.304 mg/m3和0.352 mg/m3;磨粉收料转运、投料浆化和制液槽面岗位空气中生产性粉尘浓度分别为18.6、37.0、18.7 mg/m3。结论该企业的职业性有害因素的关键控制因素是粉尘、噪声、硫酸酸雾和锰及其化合物;关键控制点是磨粉工序、制液加料工序和金属锰剥离工序。该企业生产工艺落后,设备陈旧,跑冒滴漏严重;企业职业卫生管理水平较低,工人自我防护意识不强。
Objective To identify and detect occupational harmful factors in an EMM enterprise workplace and provide a basis for prevention and control of occupational hazards. Methods Taking an electrolytic manganese producer in this province as an object, understand the process flow of electrolytic manganese production, identify the occupational harmful factors in the production process, and investigate the implementation of occupational hazard protection facilities and occupational health management. According to the requirements of relevant national standards and technical specifications, the concentration (strong) degree of occupational harmful factors in the main workplaces during the production process is determined and the test results are analyzed; the degree of occupational harmfulness and the effect of protective facilities are also evaluated Put forward reasonable and feasible countermeasures and suggestions for occupational health protection. Results The main occupational hazards exposed by workers in the EMM workplace were dust, sulfuric acid mist, manganese and its compounds, ammonia, selenium dioxide, carbon dioxide, potassium dichromate and noise. In the testing sites, the concentrations of ammonia, selenium dioxide, carbon dioxide and potassium dichromate in the air did not exceed the occupational exposure limit of workplace hazardous factors; ore crushing and plate peel station Leq (A). 8 h exceeded 85 dB (A). The concentration of sulfuric acid and mist in the air of the liquid preparation workshop was 11.9 mg / m3. The concentration of manganese and its compounds in the feed and feed slurry stages was 0.304 mg / m3 and 0.352 mg / m3 The dust concentration in the production, transportation and feeding of slurry, slurrying and liquid production in the tank surface were 18.6, 37.0 and 18.7 mg / m3 respectively. Conclusion The key controlling factors of the occupational harmful factors of the enterprise are dust, noise, acid mist and manganese and its compounds; the key control points are the milling process, liquid preparation process and metal manganese stripping process. The enterprises lag behind the production process, outdated equipment, run drip leakage serious; enterprise occupational health management is low, workers awareness of self-protection is not strong.