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一、客观≠第一性首先,二者的对立面不同,客观与主观是一对范畴,第一性与第二性是一对范畴。其次,二者的使用条件不同,第一性与第二性只在说明物质和意识何者是世界的本原这个问题上使用,认为物质第一性,意识第二性的是唯物主义,反之是唯心主义。客观与主观这对范畴有两个使用条件,且在不同条件下,含义略有不同:当把人类的思想作为整体与外部世界相比较时,客观与主观等于物质和意识,即,主观指人的思想、精神、认识,客观指在意识之外不依赖于主观意识而存在的物质世界。当把个人的思想认识作为研究对象时,客观指认识的对象,此时,除物质世界之外,客观还包括别人的思想、认识。
First, the objective is to first nature First, the opposite of the two is different, objective and subjective is a pair of categories, the first and second nature is a pair of categories. Second, the conditions of use of the two are different. The first and second nature are only used to explain the matter and the consciousness of which is the original of the world. It is considered that the material first nature and the consciousness second nature are materialism; idealism. There are two conditions for the use of objective and subjective categories, and under different conditions, the meaning is slightly different: When comparing the human mind as a whole with the external world, objective and subjective are equal to matter and consciousness, that is, subjective refers to people. The ideology, spirit, and understanding of an objective refer to the material world that does not depend on subjective consciousness outside of consciousness. When personal ideology is taken as the object of study, objective refers to the object of cognition. At this time, in addition to the material world, objectiveness also includes the thoughts and understandings of others.