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目的了解宁波市镇海区居民健康素养水平,为完善健康教育与健康促进工作提供依据。方法于2015年11月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取镇海区600名15~69周岁常住居民,采用中国疾病预防控制中心编制的《2015年全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》进行入户问卷调查。结果 600名调查对象的健康素养具备率为14.50%,其中城市居民健康素养具备率为18.00%,高于农村居民的11.00%(P<0.05);文化程度越高、家庭人均年收入越高,则健康素养具备率越高(均P<0.05)。健康理念和基本知识、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能的具备率分别为23.33%、16.17%和22.67%;6类健康素养问题具备率由高到低为安全与急救(54.50%)、科学健康观(40.83%)、传染病防治(21.83%)、健康信息(19.17%)、基本医疗(10.33%)和慢性病防治(7.83%)。结论镇海区居民健康素养水平较低,应以农村为重点地区,以低文化水平、低收入人群为重点人群,以基本医疗和慢性病防治为重点内容开展健康教育以提高居民健康素养水平。
Objective To understand the level of health literacy of residents in Zhenhai District of Ningbo City and to provide basis for improving health education and health promotion. Methods In November 2015, a multistage stratified random sampling method was used to extract 600 residents aged 15-69 years in Zhenhai District. The questionnaire of “2015 National Health Literacy Surveillance Survey” prepared by China Center for Disease Control and Prevention survey. Results The health literacy rate of 600 subjects was 14.50%. Among them, the health literacy rate of urban residents was 18.00%, higher than that of rural residents (11.00%) (P <0.05). The higher the educational level was, the higher the annual per capita income was. The higher the rate of health literacy (all P <0.05). The availability rates of health concepts and basic knowledge, healthy lifestyles and behaviors, and basic skills were 23.33%, 16.17% and 22.67%, respectively. The safety and first aid (54.50%) of six kinds of health literacy problems were scientifically healthy (40.83%), prevention and treatment of infectious diseases (21.83%), health information (19.17%), basic medical care (10.33%) and chronic disease prevention and treatment (7.83%). Conclusion The health literacy of residents in Zhenhai is relatively low. Key areas in rural areas should be centered on low education level and low income groups. Health education should be focused on basic medical treatment and prevention of chronic diseases so as to improve residents’ health literacy.