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为明确深耕在不同类型水田土壤上的改土效果及对水稻产量的影响,该研究应用自主研发水田深耕犁,在黑土和盐化草甸土上开展深翻、浅翻与旋耕对比试验研究。结果表明,深耕在不同类型土壤上对水稻产量及土壤理化性质影响存在差异:1)黑土深翻区增产7.28%~8.37%,浅翻区增产6.02%~7.72%,盐化草甸土深翻区和浅翻区与旋耕相比第1年水稻产量差异不大;第2年减产9.96%~11.03%;2)翻耕促进黑土土壤养分均一化,耕作层土壤养分降低不明显,土层间养分含量差异变小,盐化草甸土深耕后造成表层养分浓度降低,0~20 cm土层浅翻区和深翻区土壤有机质与对照相比分别下降4.57和6.68 g/kg,全氮分别下降0.24和0.29 g/kg,碱解氮0~10 cm土层分别比对照降低2.31和11.52 mg/kg,pH值明显增加,0~30cm土层交换性Na+浓度增加;3)与对照相比,浅翻和深翻降低了黑土下层土固相比率、容重,提高土壤通气、透水性,>10~20 cm土层土壤固相比率比对照分别降低4.23%和3.23%,土壤容重下降0.09 g/cm3和0.08 g/cm3,通气系数分别提高3.04倍和3.42倍,透水系数提高1.71倍和1.14倍;>20~30 cm土层深翻区土壤固相比率降低1.86%,通气系数和饱和透水系数比对照提高0.86倍和1.87倍;盐化草甸土浅翻区和深翻区均有增加下层土固相率和容重,降低通气、透水性的趋势。盐化草甸土水田不适合深耕,黑土型水田土壤深耕可改善土壤理化性质,提高水稻产量。
In order to clarify the effects of amending soil amelioration on paddy soils in different types of paddy soils and their effects on paddy yield, a deep plowing, shallow turning and rotary tilling experiment was conducted on black soil and salinized meadow soil . The results showed that the effects of deep plowing on different types of soils on rice yield and soil physical and chemical properties are different: 1) black deep plowing area increased 7.28% ~ 8.37%, shallow plowing area increased 6.02% ~ 7.72% Compared with rotary tillage, the yield of rice in the first year was not significantly different from that of rotary tillage. The yield of rice in the first year was reduced by 9.96% ~ 11.03% in the second year. The tillage promoted the homogenization of soil nutrients in the black soil, Compared with the control, soil organic matter in the shallow turn-over area and the deep turn-inverted area decreased by 4.57 and 6.68 g / kg in 0-20 cm soil layer, and total nitrogen Decreased by 0.24 g / kg and 0.29 g / kg respectively, and the soil layers of 0-10 cm soil layer decreased by 2.31 and 11.52 mg / kg respectively compared with the control. The pH value increased obviously and the exchangeable Na + concentration increased in 0-30 cm layer. 3) Compared with the control, the ratio of soil solid phase, bulk density and soil aeration and water permeability of the black soil decreased, the soil solid ratio of> 10 ~ 20 cm soil layer decreased 4.23% and 3.23% respectively, and the soil bulk density decreased 0.09 g / cm3 and 0.08 g / cm3 respectively, the aeration coefficient increased by 3.04 times and 3.42 times respectively, and the water permeability coefficient increased 1.71 times and 1.14 times; the depth of soil layer> 20-30 cm The ratio of soil solid phase decreased by 1.86%, the aeration coefficient and saturation water permeability coefficient increased by 0.86 times and 1.87 times than that of the control, respectively. Both the shallow inversion area and deep inversion area of saline meadow soil increased the solid content and bulk density of lower soil, Permeability of the trend. Saline meadow soil paddy field is not suitable for deep plowing, black soil paddy soil plowing can improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve rice yield.