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Background and aims:Epithelium derived interleukin(IL)-15 signalling via IL-15Rαis critical for the development,activation,and survival of intraepithelial lymphocytes(IEL).We aimed to better understand the IL-15 driven effects on IEL underlying mucosal damage and lymphomagenesis in coeliac disease(CD).Methods:Enterocytes,IEL,and lamina propria mononuclear cells(LPMC)were isolated from 46 patients with uncomplicated CD(25 untreated and 21 treated)and 22 controls.IL-15 and IL-15Rαexpression were determined by immunoblo-tting.Secretion of IL-15,interferon γ(IFN-γ),tumour necrosis factor α(TNF-γ),and granzyme B into cell culture supernatants was assessed by ELISA.The ability of IL-15 to regulate IEL proliferation,perforin/granzyme dependent cytotoxicity,and apoptosis was tested by adding different combinations of IL-15,IL-15 blocking antibody,or chloroquine to IEL cultured alone or with Caco-2 cells as target.IL-15 mucosal levels were also determined by ELISA in five patients with complicated CD(two ulcerative jejunoileites,one refractory sprue,and two enteropathy associated T cell lymphomas)tested for T cell receptor γchain clonality.Results:IL-15 was overexpressed in untreated CD enterocytes and LPMC,and in the mucosa of complicated CD patients and uncomplicated untreated CD patients,where its levels correlated with the degree of mucosal damage.Enterocytes from untreated,but not treated,CD patients and controls secreted IL-15.Untreated CD IEL,characterised by higher IL-15Rαexpression,showed increased proliferation,production of IFN-γand TNF-α,and perforin/granzyme dependent cytotoxicity,and a decreased propensity to apoptosis in response to IL-15.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that IL-15 plays a crucial role in the generation of epithelial damage in active CD.Its promotion of IEL survival in CD may predispose to the emergence of T cell clonal proliferations.Blocking IL-15,by suppressing uncontrolled IEL activation and survival,has the potential to provide new therapeutic tools to prevent tissue damage and lymphomagenesis in CD.
Background and aims: Epithelium derived interleukin (IL) -15 signaling via IL-15Rαis critical for the development, activation, and survival of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) .We aimed to better understand the IL-15 driven effects on IEL underlying mucosal damage and lymphomagenesis in coeliac disease (CD). Methods: Enterocytes, IEL, and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) were isolated from 46 patients with uncomplicated CD (25 untreated and 21 treated) and 22 controls. IL- 15 and IL- 15Rαexpression were determined by immunoblo-tting. Secretion of IL-15, interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-γ), and granzyme B into cell culture supernatants was assessed by ELISA. proliferation, perforin / granzyme dependent cytotoxicity, and apoptosis was tested by adding different combinations of IL-15, IL-15 blocking antibody, or chloroquine to IEL cultured alone or with Caco-2 cells as target. by ELISA in five patients with co mplicated CD (two ulcerative jejunoileites, one refractory sprue, and two enteropathy associated T cell lymphomas) tested for T cell receptor γchain clonality. Results: IL-15 was overexpressed in untreated CD enterocytes and LPMC, and in the mucosa of complicated CD patients and uncomplicated untreated CD patients, where its levels correlated with the degree of mucosal damage. Enterocytes from untreated, but not treated, CD patients and controls secreted IL-15.Untreated CD IEL, characterized by higher IL-15Rαexpression, showed increased proliferation, production of IFN-γand TNF-α, and perforin / granzyme dependent cytotoxicity, and a decreased propensity to apoptosis in response to IL-15.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that IL-15 plays a crucial role in the generation of epithelial damage in active CD. Its promotion of IEL survival in CD may predispose to CDC T cell clonal proliferations. Blocking IL-15, by suppressing uncontrolled IEL activation and survival, has the potential to provide new therapeutic tools to prevent tissue damage and lymphomagenesis in CD.