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分层采集31个典型黑土剖面(0~60 cm),155个土壤样品,结合经典统计学和地统计学分析方法,研究速效钾(AK)立体空间分布规律。0~20 cm土层AK变程最大(280 m),20~40 cm土层变程最小(32 m),主要受结构因子影响(如:气候、地形、母质等),属于强度空间自相关。受光照、地形、侵蚀、入渗、含K矿物、作物生长等因子影响,水平方向西南朝向坡面AK大于东北,南朝向大于北朝向;垂直方向AK先降低后升高,多数20~30 cm土层AK显著低于50~60 cm土层。土壤AK水平空间分异主要受地形、侵蚀、辐射等因子影响,垂直空间分异主要受施肥、渗透、作物生长等因子影响。尽管研究区土壤侵蚀比较严重,但是0~60 cm土层AK含量在相当长的时间内不会成为影响作物生长的限制因子。
Totally 31 typical black soil sections (0 ~ 60 cm) and 155 soil samples were collected by stratified analysis. Combined with the classical statistics and geo-statistical analysis methods, the spatial distribution of available potassium (AK) was studied. The maximum AK range of 0-20 cm soil layer (280 m) and the minimum range of 20-40 cm soil layer (32 m) are mainly affected by structural factors (such as climate, topography and parent material) and belong to intensity spatial autocorrelation . Affected by light, topography, erosion, infiltration, K-bearing minerals and crop growth, AK in the horizontal direction was greater than northeast toward south slope and greater than North direction in southward direction; AK decreased firstly and then increased in the vertical direction, most of them were 20-30 cm Soil AK was significantly lower than the 50 ~ 60 cm soil layer. Soil AK level spatial differentiation mainly due to topography, erosion, radiation and other factors, the vertical spatial differentiation mainly by fertilizer, infiltration, crop growth and other factors. Although the soil erosion was serious in the study area, the AK content in 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer would not be a limiting factor for crop growth for a long time.