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航空航天等领域对高性能、轻量化和高功效构件精确成形成性的要求,迫切需要发掘和提高难变形材料的成形潜力。金属等材料在电流辅助加载时塑性提高和变形抗力降低的电塑性效应(EPE),与传统塑性加工技术相结合发展出的电流辅助成形工艺(EAF),可望大幅提高材料成形极限和成形质量,是实现难变形材料难成形结构精确成形制造的极具前景的技术。基于EPE测试表征方法的研究进展分析,综述了焦耳热效应、电子风效应及磁效应等EPE作用机理的研究动态,从回复、再结晶、相变及缺陷修复等方面,分析总结了电流处理对材料微观组织和性能的影响规律和作用机制,进而讨论了电塑性拔丝、轧制及微成形等EPE用于成形过程的EAF研究进展。基于上述研究动态分析,总结提出了电塑性机理方面尚待解决的科学难题、EPE驱动EAF工艺创新及工业化应用所面临的技术挑战。
Aerospace and other fields of high performance, lightweight and high-efficiency components forming precision requirements, there is an urgent need to explore and improve the forming potential of difficult deformation of the material. Electro-Plastic Effects (EPE) of metals and other materials that increase ductility and resistance to deformation under current-assisted loading, and current-assisted forming (EAF) techniques developed in conjunction with conventional plastic processing techniques are expected to significantly improve material forming limits and forming quality , Is a very promising technology to realize the precise forming of hard-to-shape structure of difficult-to-deformable materials. Based on the research progress of EPE testing and characterization methods, the research progress on the mechanism of EPE such as Joule thermal effect, electron wind effect and magnetic effect are reviewed. The effects of current treatment on the properties of materials Microstructure and properties of the law and mechanism of action, and then discussed the electroplating wire drawing, rolling and micro-forming EPE used in the forming process of EAF research progress. Based on the dynamic analysis of the above studies, the scientific problems to be solved in the electro-plastic mechanism are summarized, and the technical challenges that the EPE drives the EAF process innovation and industrial application are summarized.