本文研究了完全能观测的多变量常参数线性系统 x=Ax+Bu,y=Cx 的同阶和降阶状态观测器的设计问题。首先借助于一般代数方程解的表达式,给出了降阶观测器状态方程一种新的推导方法;然后利用一种完全能观标准型,导出了同阶和降阶状态观测器设计的新方法,将一非线性方程化为只含有(n-r+1)个未知数的线性代数方程组求解。方法简单,计算容易; 更重要的是可以预先任意选择观测器极点。 In this paper, we study the design of identically and reduced order state observers for fully observable multivariable linear systems of constant parameters x = Ax + Bu, y = Cx. Firstly, a new derivation method of the state equation of the reduced order observer is given by means of the expressions of the general algebraic equations. Then a completely observational standard is used to derive the new Method, a nonlinear equation is solved by a linear algebraic system containing only (n-r + 1) unknowns. The method is simple and the calculation is easy. More importantly, the pole of the observer can be selected in advance.