本文为美国小儿科杂志编委会主席在1986年11月美国小儿泌尿科年会上的总结发言。一、胎儿阻塞性尿路病大多数新生儿肾盂积水初次确诊是由产前宫内超声检查获得的。应强调并不是所有肾盂扩张的病例都有阻塞。Ahmed等发现100例产前肾脏超声异常者有48例需外科手术,最常见的异常是输尿管肾盂连接部的阻塞。Schwayz等发现超声诊断肾盂积水在妊娠35～40周时最敏感,他们发现绝大多数的肾盂积水胎儿在娩出前不需处理。 This is the concluding remarks by the chairman of the Editorial Board of the American Society of Pediatrics at the November 1986 Annual Meeting of Pediatric Urology in the United States. First, the obstructive urinary tract disease Most newborns hydronephrosis is diagnosed by prenatal uterine ultrasound. It should be emphasized that not all cases with dilated renal pelvis are obstructed. Ahmed found that 100 cases of prenatal ultrasound abnormalities were 48 cases of surgery, the most common exception is the ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Schwayz et al. Found that ultrasound was most sensitive to hydronephrosis at 35 to 40 weeks of gestation and found that most hydronephrosis did not require treatment before delivery.