The Paper analyzed of investigation datas on thedeath causes of digestive tract cancer in high-incidencearea between 70s and 80s. The results showed that thecancer-adjusted mortalities were 224.14/100000 and226.66/100000: it was 7 times as high as low-incidence(31.19/100000 and 29.82/100000). In 70s, the cancer deathof esophagus, stomach and liver (87.41/100000,73.93/100000 and 8.59/100000) were 28 times, 10 timesand 4 times as high as low-incidence area (3.70/100000,10.57/100000 and 1.94/100000), respectively (P<0.001). In80s, the cancer death of esophagus, stomach and liver(68.26/100000, 109.39/100000 and 23.89/100000) were 17times, 10 times and 4 times as high as low-incidence area(4.54/100000, 10.84/100000 and 6.35/100000), respectively(P<0.001). In high-incidence area, the cancer death ofesophagus was lower, of stomach and liver were higherin 80s than 70s, respectively (P<0.01)- The result alsoshowed that the nitrate content of drinking water andvegetables were 21.45mg/1 and 1185.27mg/kg in high-incidence area; it were significant higher than that in low-incidence area (2.14mg/1 and 41.6omg/kg), the nitritecontent (0.01mg/l) of drinking water in high-incidencearea was significant higher than that in low-incidencearea (0.004mg/l), but the nitrite content among vegetableswas no significant difference between the two regions(N0.05). Our results suggest that the nitrate and nitritecontents increase in drinking water and vegetables maybe an important risk factor of upper alimentary cancer inhigh-incidence area. The Paper analyzed of investigation datas on thedeath causes of digestive tract cancer in high-incidencearea between 70s and 80s. The results showed that the cancer-adjusted mortalities were 224.14 / 100000 and 226.66 / 100000: it was 7 times as high as low-incidence (31.19 / 100000 and 29.82 / 100000). In 70s, the cancer death of esophagus, stomach and liver (87.41 / 100000, 73.93 / 100000 and 8.59 / 100000) were 28 times, 10 times and 4 times as high as low incidence area 3.70 / 100000, 10.57 / 100000 and 1.94 / 100000), respectively (P <0.001) .In80s, the cancer death of esophagus, stomach and liver (68.26 / 100000, 109.39 / 100000 and 23.89 / 100000) were 17times, 10 times and The high-incidence area, the cancer death of esophagus was lower, of the stomach and liver were higher in 80s (4.54 / 100000, 10.84 / 100000 and 6.35 / 100000) than 70s, respectively (P <0.01) - The result alsoshowed that the nitrate content of drinking water andvegetables were 21.45 mg / 1 and 1185. 27mg / kg in high-incidence area; it were significant higher than that in low-incidence area (2.14mg / 1 and 41.6omg / kg), the nitrite content than that in low-incidencearea (0.004 mg / l), but the nitrite content among vegetables was no significant difference between the two regions (N0.05). Our results suggest that the nitrate and nitritecontents increase in drinking water and vegetables maybe an important risk factor of upper alimentary cancer in high-incidence area.