前言抗生素在日本的使用,由于以前的氯霉素、四环素的使用频度、使用量的减少,必然产生将抗生素的主流集中到青霉素类、头孢菌素类和氨基糖苷类上的问题。据推测,今后的趋势是将另外的大环内酯类和四环素类,做为上面三类药物的补充形式来使用。在作为使用中心的青霉素、头孢菌素的β-内酰胺类和氨基糖苷类之间,可以提出几点必须加以对比的问题。首先提出的第一点是安全性。在这方面,氨基糖苷类很明显不如β-内酰胺类。但是,当前使用氨基糖苷类的理由之一是:它对革兰氏阴性杆菌引起的感染症,显示出很高的有效率。另外,还有一 Preface The use of antibiotics in Japan has led to the problem of concentrating antibiotics on penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides due to the decreasing frequency of use of chloramphenicol and tetracycline. It is speculated that the future trend is to use other macrolides and tetracyclines as a supplement to the above three types of drugs. Among the penicillins, cephalosporins used as centers of interest, and aminoglycosides, several issues that must be addressed can be raised. The first point to make is safety. In this respect, aminoglycosides are significantly less p-lactams. However, one of the reasons for the current use of aminoglycosides is that it shows a high efficiency against infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli. In addition, there is one