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伊犁谷地是新疆地区黄土滑坡最为发育的地区之一,对山区公路建设和运营影响较大。由于其独特的黄土沉积环境和湿润气候背景,黄土滑坡形成条件和成灾机制有别于其他地区,区域特征显著,但当前缺少针对性的研究和系统性的认识。文中选取新疆伊犁S316公路沿线发育的黄土滑坡为研究对象,基于工程地质勘探、区域地质调绘、气象资料分析等,认为公路沿线黄土滑坡是独特黄土地貌演变过程中动力地质作用的产物,具有分布广泛、类型多样和暴发频率高等特点,其变形破坏过程概况为:张裂—蠕动—滑移模式,破坏方式为后缘张裂与单一平面滑动;公路沿线黄土滑坡具有显著的斜坡地形和季节性分布规律,其形成受控于特殊气候、地层、地形、地震和人类活动等,特殊组构黄土是滑坡发生的内在物质基础,春夏季融水和暴雨的耦合是控制黄土滑坡大量发育的第一诱发要素;基于滑坡灾害规模和危害程度分类,提出公路沿线典型黄土滑坡的处置方案和治理对策。研究成果可为S316公路建设中防灾减灾提供基础信息和技术依据,对区域类似公路工程建设提供技术指导和参考。
The Yili Valley is one of the most developed loess landslides in Xinjiang and has a great impact on the construction and operation of mountainous roads. Because of its unique loess sedimentary environment and humid climate background, loess landslide formation conditions and disaster mechanism are different from other regions, the regional characteristics are significant, but the current lack of targeted research and systematic understanding. In this paper, the loess landslide developed along the S316 highway in Yili, Xinjiang is selected as the research object. Based on the engineering geological survey, regional geological mapping and meteorological data analysis, it is considered that the loess landslide along the highway is the product of the dynamic geologic process during the evolution of the unique loess landscape. Wide variety, high frequency of outbursts, and its deformation and failure process are as follows: the crack-peristaltic-slip mode, the failure mode is the trailing edge crack and single plane sliding; the loess landslide along the highway has obvious slope topography and seasonal Its formation is controlled by special climate, strata, topography, earthquakes and human activities. Loess with special structure is the intrinsic material basis for landslide occurrence. Coupling of spring melts and rainstorms is the first one to control large-scale development of loess landslides Based on the classification of landslide disaster scale and hazard degree, the disposal scheme and treatment countermeasures of typical loess landslide along the highway are proposed. The research results can provide basic information and technical basis for disaster prevention and mitigation in the construction of S316 highway and provide technical guidance and reference for the construction of similar highway projects in the region.