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目的了解青海省2012-2015年流感病毒流行病学特征,分析流感病毒分离株变化规律,为流感防控提供科学依据。方法按照《全国流感监测方案》的具体要求,在青海省2家国家级和1家省级流感监测哨点医院采集流感样病例的鼻咽双拭子标本,采用Real-time PCR方法进行病毒核酸检测,用MDCK细胞培养法分离流感病毒,对分离后的毒株用红细胞凝集试验(hemagglutination test,HA)及红细胞抑制试验(hemagglutination inhibition test,HI)进行型别鉴定。结果 2012-2015年青海省流感监测哨点医院共报告流感样病例(influenza like illness,ILI)8 011例,共检测鼻咽双拭子标本5 317份,分离到流感病毒毒株256株,总毒株分离率为4.81%。以冬春季为高发季节,2014年11月~2015年1月以H3N2亚型流感病毒流行为主,侵袭人群主要以15岁以下儿童为主。结论监测结果显示青海省流感流行具有明显的季节性,不同型别的流感病毒在不同年份均有分布。应继续加强流感病毒的监测并积极推广流感疫苗的接种。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus in Qinghai from 2012 to 2015 and to analyze the variation of influenza virus isolates and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza. Methods According to the requirements of “National Influenza Surveillance Program”, nasopharyngeal double swab samples of influenza-like illness were collected from two national and one provincial-level influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Qinghai Province. Real-time PCR was used to detect the viral nucleic acid The influenza viruses were isolated by MDCK cell culture method. The isolated strains were identified by hemagglutination test (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). Results A total of 8 011 influenza like illness (ILI) cases were reported from Qinghai Provincial Influenza Surveillance Sentinel Hospital from 2012 to 2015. A total of 5 317 swab samples of nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained. 256 influenza virus strains were isolated, Strain separation rate of 4.81%. In winter and spring as the season of high incidence, from November 2014 to January 2015, the prevalence of H3N2 subtype influenza was predominant. The majority of the infested population were children under 15 years of age. Conclusion The surveillance results showed that the epidemic of influenza in Qinghai Province was obviously seasonal. Different types of influenza viruses were distributed in different years. The surveillance of influenza virus should continue to be strengthened and influenza vaccination should be actively promoted.