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目的了解天津市农村居民健康知识和相关行为状况,为在农村开展健康教育和健康促进提供依据。方法采取多阶段随机抽样方法,确定2000名15岁以上的调查者。结果被调查者健康知识知晓率为50.50%,10个健康知识中有两个问题答对率较低:营养不良的答对率为32.8%(657人),缺氟可导致疾病答对率为17.4%(348人)。不同性别人群健康知识知晓率除“哪种喂养方式对婴幼儿有利”间存在统计学性差异外,其他9题没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。调查人群10项知识得分合格的仅有津南区,为8.04±1.46。其他3个区平均分均未达到合格标准。不同年龄组间健康知识得分有3个区(西青、津南、汉沽)存在统计学差异(P<0.05),4个区10项知识各年龄组得分比较均存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。不同年龄、不同文化程度人群10项健康知识知晓率间均存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。有78.30%的农村居民希望通过书报、杂志、电视、网络等媒体获得健康知识。结论天津市4个区的农村居民健康知识得分合格者较少,有些健康相关问题知晓率还很低,需要对农村居民进行广泛健康知识宣传,并尽量利用农村居民希望获得知识的途径进行健康知识传播。
Objective To understand the health knowledge and related behaviors of rural residents in Tianjin and provide evidences for health education and health promotion in rural areas. Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used to determine 2000 investigators over the age of 15. Results The awareness rate of respondents’ health knowledge was 50.50%. Two of the 10 health knowledge respondents had relatively lower answers to the question: malnutrition rate was 32.8% (657), and fluoride deficiency rate was 17.4% ( 348 people). There were no significant differences among the other 9 subjects (P> 0.05), except that the awareness of health knowledge among different sex groups was statistically different from that of “Which feeding method was beneficial to infants and toddlers.” Only ten Jinnan districts that passed the survey for knowledge of the 10 subjects reached 8.04 ± 1.46. The average of the other three districts did not meet the eligibility criteria. There were statistically significant differences in scores of health knowledge among three age groups (Xiqing, Jinnan and Hangu) (P <0.05). There were significant differences in scores of all 10 age groups among all age groups (P <0.05) . There were statistically significant differences in the awareness rate of 10 items of health knowledge among different ages and different education levels (P <0.05). 78.30% of rural residents want to obtain health knowledge through newspapers, magazines, television, the Internet and other media. Conclusion Rural residents in four districts of Tianjin have relatively few health knowledge scores and some health-related problems are still very low. They need to publicize the extensive health knowledge of rural residents and try to make use of the ways of rural residents wishing to acquire knowledge to carry out health knowledge spread.