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完形填空题是我省各地中考英语试卷中客观性试题的重要组成部分和必考题型之一，也是考生感到困难、得分率较低的综合性题型之一。“完形填空”题选材广泛，涉及日常生活、文史知识、科技小品、社会热点、政治经济、人物传记等。考点主要集中在词语的辨析与搭配、惯用法、句法及通过语境的暗示选择最佳答案等。近几年的完形填空题已从注重语法形式过渡到重语篇语意理解，主要检测受试者在整篇阅读的基础上对词汇、语法知识的综合运用能力。
题型特点
1. 完整性尽管文章有意挖去了一些词或短语，使信息链中断，造成间隔性的语义空白，但仍不失为一篇表达完整的文章。而且规范的完形填空命题首句往往不设空。
2. 实词性完形填空题的设置以意义完形为主，惯用搭配和语法完形为辅。所给选项以实词为主，虚词为辅。而对实词的考查又以考查情景意义为主。动词、名词、形容词等占很大比重，而介词的考查多以习语、惯用法等形式出现。
3. 同类性同类性是指所给的四个选项基本上属于同一种词性和词形，要么都是名词，要么都是动词。这种题型要求同学们要从所给词语本身的意义和用法入手进行分析，逐一排除错误的或不太妥当的选项，最终确定最佳答案。
4. 语境性“词不离句，句不离文”是完形填空最突出的一个特点。很多时候，所给的四个选项从语法角度来看都正确，或者没有明显的语法错误，单独从此空所在的句子很难做出判断，需通读上下文才能选出正确答案。题目的设置绝大多数是就近暗示，某些关键词、短语、甚至是标点符号，都有可能是答题的突破口。如 and， or， however， but 等前后连接成分的同义或反义关系； that is， in other words 等的解释说明作用等；还有的以信息句的形式出现，通过上下句的对照可找到答案。
5. 推理性近年来，完形填空越来越侧重考查考生根据上下文所提供的信息进行语言逻辑推理判断的能力。因此，题目的设置有朝深层结构或语境化方向发展的趋势。这要求学生不仅要捕捉上下文乃至全文的信息，而且要依照事物的发展规律、前因后果等进行综合分析判断，推断出正确的答案。
6. 常识性还有些题目的设置无论从词汇、语法、惯用法还是语境方面考虑都无法确定正确答案。这种情况下，就需要考生借助于常识或某些背景知识来解决问题。所以同学们不仅要熟练掌握语言基础知识，还要了解英语文化和风俗习惯，养成跨文化思维意识。
解题思路
第一步宏观理解： 速读全文，理清文章脉络，把握文章主旨，并通过语感来猜测答案。
面对一篇全新的完形填空，考生应快速通读全文，力求对文章的整体内容有一个基本的认识，明确主题思想，理清文章结构，了解文章层次。因为只有抓住了文章的中心思想，才能更好地进行上下文联系，从而就语篇层面上进行判断、分析、归纳和推理，可有效避免“一叶障目”现象的出现。一篇完整的文章挖去10个或15个空，要从整体上感知全文，了解文章主旨，困难当然是有的，但一定要坚持把文章从头至尾“啃”一到两遍。
通读全文时，语言基本功比较好的同学最好先不要看下面的备选答案，而首先对文中空白处所缺的词语或者含义作倾向性地猜测或推测，为下一步选择打下良好的基础。这种猜测或推测的过程不可能是顺利完成的，往往需要瞻前顾后、上下跳读、先易后难。对于猜测或推测不出来的空白处，不要着急，留待后一步再完成。
在理解完形填空短文的基础上，对短文中空白处所缺的词语进行先期的主观猜测或推测是可行的。凭自己的语感所作的第一推测往往是比较准确的。而且这种推测方式可以避免干扰项带来的负干扰，不至于影响推测的准确性。阅读能力好的考生，通常可以主观猜测或推测出百分之四十左右的空白处的答案。
第二步微观剖析：精读全文，结合上下文，认真分析选项，确定所剩空格的正确答案。
在精读短文的同时，考生应结合所提供的选项，本着先易后难的解题原则找出部分题目的正确选项，使文章进一步完整，为深入解题做好铺垫。切忌为了快速解题而不假思索就选一个答案，这样会大大降低解题的准确率。
紧抓语境，排除障碍。任何一篇文章的句子在结构和内容上都不会是孤立存在的，都会与所在的段落和整篇文章有或强或弱的联系，所以要解决中考完形填空中的长句、难句及生词障碍，很大程度上取决于对文章上下文的理解程度和对语境的认识。这里所说的语境既包括作者的写作态度、意图，又包括具体的语言环境。考生要依据短文自身完整的语言环境进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，先易后难、前后联系、首尾呼应，以此选出最佳答案。
第三步宏观复核：复读全文，再次凭借语感，逐一推敲所选答案，最终确定答案。
通读完形后的全文，在“俯瞰”全文的基础上，再次凭借语感进一步推敲自己的选择是否恰当、语法结构是否正确、逻辑推敲是否合理、全文是否通顺流畅等。对有疑问的答案，可重新选择。但要采取谨慎的态度，不要轻易怀疑自己的第一选择。进行该步骤时，最好将所选的答案用铅笔写在相应的空白处，以减少阅读过程中视觉跳移产生的负干扰和误差。
解题技巧
一、根据词义辨析来解题
词义辨析是中考完形填空测试的重点，并且随着中考试题命制水平的不断提高，同一题所设计的四个选项的词性往往相同，而且词义也很相近。所以，答题时应该结合所提供的四个选项，认真研读空格所在的句子以获得有效信息，进而快速解题。例如：
[经典试题]...Suddenly remembering that she had come out without her umbrella, Mrs. Grant felt _____19 _____for what she had done...
（2010年无锡）
19. A. angryB. sorryC. luckyD. glad
[简析] 该题所提供的四个选项都是形容词，只有在理解语境（我误拿了别人的伞）的基础上，才可以推断出“我”当时的心理感觉应该是“内疚”，所以B项正确。
二、根据固定搭配来解题
由于初中阶段词汇量的限制，对固定搭配的考查在完形填空题中也占有一定比重。所以，在解题时，要善于发现这类试题的考查点所在，结合平时所学的固定搭配，可以准确解答这类试题。例如：
[经典试题]...We were busy _____18 _____some beautiful story books，a doll house, a holiday dress and toys....（2010年徐州）
18. A. buyB. boughtC. to buyD. buying
[简析] 审题后可以知道，该题考查的是 “be busy doing sth.”这一固定搭配，故可以快速得到正确答案D项。
三、根据生活常识来解题
完形填空题整个语篇往往渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。背景知识指的是平时的常识，生活经验，英美国家的风俗习惯、文化背景、历史事件、地理位置等。考生做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，注意中西方文化方面存在的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，选出正确的答案。例如：
[经典试题]...I took hold of the lady’s arm. It took us about ten _____22 _____to slowly get down the steps...（2010年泰州）
22. A. secondsB. minutesC. hoursD. days
[简析]这是一道典型的生活常识题。根据日常知识可以知道，“我”在回家的途中帮一个老妇人走下一段陡峭的台阶，正常情况下应该花费十分钟左右的时间，所以该题的正确答案应该是B项。
四、利用关键词的复现来解题
复现是指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇当中。当考生不能用语言知识来敲定答案时，就要考虑是否在下面的语篇中存在这种“暗示”。
[典型题例]Jody was ten years old when he decided he needed a job. He thought it might be _____ 36 _____ to raise (养) worms. He could sell them to farmers and people who fished. So in _____ 37 _____，he bought many worms. But that winter the cold weather killed all the worms because he had not _____ 38 _____ them in a warm place.
The next spring Jody _____ 39 _____ again. He bought more worms, which he took good care of...（2008年无锡）
36. A. boring B. lucky C. fun D. impossible
37. A. autumn B. spring C. winter D. summer
38. A. caught B. found C. hidden D. put
39. A. tried B. waited C. failed D. practised
[简析]在解第37题时，如果考生没有语篇的意识，只是看空格所在的句子是很难作出准确的判断的。其实，下一段的第一句话就有暗示，可以推断出第37题的答案应该是B项。
五、通过上下文语境来解题
该类试题的设计主要是考查考生的综合分析能力。测试内容包括篇章结构和推理判断能力，这些答案的选择，起关键作用的是上下文的关系，也就是说，对短文的整体理解是非常重要的，这种考查项目的设计所占的比例逐年增大，且难度也大。考生必须跨越句子层次或段落层次才能选出正确的答案。
[典型题例]...He was one of the few people who _____28_____ to see a city street named in his honor. In 1991，one of the streets in his hometown was named “Daddy Bruce”. A few years later，he died ...
（2009年盐城）
28． A. cameB. livedC. wantedD. wished
[简析] 单纯从语法的角度来看，以上这道题所提供的四个选项都可以选择。此时，考生通过阅读下文“In 1991, one of the streets in his hometown was named “Daddy Bruce”. A few years later, he died.”可以知道，“他(Daddy Bruce)”应该是为数不多能“活着”看到以自己的名字来给街道命名的几个人之一，故B项正确。
六、通过文章深层意义的理解来解题
通过文章的深层意义来选择答案，是完形填空难度最大的一种形式。它要求考生不仅要有广博的英语文化知识、丰富的生活经历，还要能够驾驭全文；不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。
[典型题例]...“Hold your head up high” has been _____29 _____many times in my home. Each of my children has felt its _____30 _____. The gift she gave me lives on in my children.
(2010年扬州)
29. A. shouted B. heard C. broadcast D. discussed
30. A. power B. promise C. energy D. secret
[简析] 根据上文，结合词义的辨析，可以知道第29题的最佳答案应该是B项。而第30题的正确解答，则需要考生在全面理解短文的基础上弄清文章的深层意义（我们必须要昂首挺胸，勇敢地面对世界），才能选出最佳答案A项。
备考策略
●背诵语篇、培养语感是提高解题能力之根本。
语感的形成是基于锲而不舍地听、说、读、写的反复实践，日积月累而形成的一种条件反射。认真诵读教材中的阅读材料和中考真题，不失为高效的备考策略。中考题中的完形填空题因为其内部有复杂的关系、精妙的结构、地道的表达，是中考试卷中很有价值的语篇。从真实语段中积累的词汇、句型往往能够在潜移默化中变成自己的语言知识和技能，再次面对完形填空的时候就能够从容不迫、游刃有余。
●适度训练、总结规律是快速提高解题能力的“捷径”。
迎考阶段，如能坚持每天精做一到两篇完形填空，而且做题之后注意总结并彻底查清单词的含义，同时辅以必要的语法书作查缺补漏之用，这样，在解题的过程中就会逐渐找到一些规律，从而提高自己的解题能力。
迎考专练
A
In Brooklyn, New York, a little girl was playing with some boys. They were riding bicycles and playing ball games.
“Diana!” the girl’s father called. “Play with the _____ 1 _____ ! You’re not a boy.”
Diana’s father sounded angry. But Diana knew that her father was in fact
_____ 2 _____ of her for being good at sports， and strong.
As Diana grew up， however， she _____ 3 _____ playing ball games and riding bicycles. She got married and had two sons. The years passed.
One day， _____ 4 _____ Diana was 48 years old， she went to a gym. She started doing exercise: lifting weights， jogging and swimming. She really _____ 5 _____ it， and began going every day. She got stronger and stronger， and _____ 6 _____ a bodybuilder. Today Diana Vasquez is a champion(冠军) bodybuilder who has won over twenty-four awards for bodybuilding.
Diana says the reason she exercises is not only to win _____ 7 _____ . Her father said， “Good health is very important. Without your health you’ll have nothing.” Diana thinks her father is right. She says， “Bodybuilding keeps me healthy. I _____ 8 _____ better today than I did twenty years ago.”
Diana says， “Good food is very important too. Diet is fifty percent of _____ 9 _____ . I don’t eat butter or oil. I eat a lot of fruit， vegetables and rice. I also get plenty of sleep and go out often for fresh _____ 10 _____ .”
Bodybuilding and a good diet keep Diana healthy and young-looking. How old do you think she is？
1. A. kids B. adults C. girls D. boys
2. A. careful B. afraid C. proud D. tired
3. A. strarted B. stopped C. remembered D. liked
4. A. because B. unless C. since D. when
5. A. hoped B. built C. preferred D. enjoyed
6. A. became B. brought C. taught D. dreamed
7. A. money B. attention C. performances D. awards
8. A. study B. dress C. grow D. feel
9. A. weight B. health C. life D. pleasure
10. A. mind B. water C. air D. meal
B
I dropped my 5-year-old daughter off at the day care centre yesterday. There we saw one of her friends sitting at a table alone， crying . She sometimes gets _____ 1 _____ when her mom leaves. My daughter _____ 2 _____ with her， and they’re good friends. When we saw the little girl _____ 3 _____ ， I asked my daughter if she wanted to go and _____ 4 _____ by her. She said， “Yes， I don’t want her to be _____ 5 _____ ，” and then took her breakfast to sit beside her friend. I watched her _____ 6 _____ her food and talk to the little girl.
Walking back to my car I was very happy to know that my little girl has a kind heart. When I got home last night， I asked her how her day had been. She said that her _____ 7 _____ wasn’t sad any more. She was proud to have shared her _____ 8 _____ with her and played with her all day. I praised my daughter for being such a caring friend and told her that I was very proud of her. She smiled， and told me that she didn’t like to see people being sad.
I hugged her and told her what a wonderful girl she was. _____ 9 _____ ， she said，“I’m Daddy’s little girl.” I couldn’t help but smile， and was proud to be her dad. My little girl has _____ 10 _____ me a lot. Because of her I do my best to make people who may be sad smile.
1. A. bored B. surprised C. excited D. worried
2. A. agrees B. plays C. fights D. argues
3. A. singing B. talking C. crying D. dancing
4. A. sit B. wait C. pass D. drop
5. A. frightened B. nervous C. afraid D. sad
6. A. make B. eat C. enjoy D. share
7. A. daughter B. teacher C. toy D. friend
8. A. feeling B. drink C. food D. dream
9. A. Sadly B. Luckily C. Proudly D. Rudely
10. A. encouraged B. respected C. taught D. told
C
This is a story about five brothers who live peacefully in a village. They have no parents and live by running a rice field. Their rice field is too far from home. After discussing， they all _____ 1 _____ to leave the youngest brother at home to take care of their house. The youngest is very happy with this _____ 2 _____ ， so every day when the brothers arrive home， they always find that their house is _____ 3 _____ and comfortable. Foods and drinks are _____ 4 _____ on the table， their beds are warm and all the dirty clothes have been _____ 5 _____ .
One day， one of the other brothers _____ 6 _____ the job of the youngest， so he says to his other brothers that it is unfair， _____ 7 _____ the youngest never has to go to the field. At last， the others accept his idea， so now they all go to the field together， _____ 8 _____ the youngest. However， _____ 9 _____ they get home they find that their home in a mess and the table is empty. Only then do they realize the change. Their youngest brother plays a very important role， and they have _____ 10 _____ the importance of his staying at home.
So never ignore those who work _____ 11 _____ the scene and those whose _____ 12 _____ can never be seen. If we do that， one day we will find that we have _____ 13 _____ the best people in our home. Learn to see the _____ 14 _____ side of what people do， and imagine what if they leave your life or your house . Remember！We all have different _____ 15 _____ ， so even though some people might only have average talents， we have to learn to respect them and their ability.
1. A. fail _____ B. agree _____ C. afford _____ D. refuse
2. A. decision B. order _____ C. destination D. reason
3. A. rough B. unpleasant C. clean _____ D. soft
4. A. prepared B. cooled _____C. ordered D. eaten
5. A. ironed B. repaired C. brushed D. washed
6. A. misuses B. leaves _____C. reduces D. envies
7. A. because B. therefore C. however D. while
8. A. containing B. surrounding C. leaving D. including
9. A. when B. even _____ C. before _____ D. until
10. A. misused B. balanced C. trusted D. ignored
11. A. at _____ B. in C. before _____ D. behind
12. A. sight B. confidence C. work D. sense
13. A. named B. lost C. controlled D. killed
14. A. good B. bad C. certain _____D. curious
15. A. talents B. evidences C. successes D.scores _____
D
A father and his son were walking together， enjoying the early morning wind. They had a good distance when the father stopped _____ 1 _____ and said， “Son， stop!”
The son asked， “What’s wrong？”
The father said， “ _____ 2 _____ special， but let’s not walk any _____ 3 _____ on this road.”
“Why not？” asked the son.
“Do you see that elderly man _____ 4 _____ towards us？” the father asked， _____ 5 _____down the road .
“Yes， I see him，” replied the son.
“He’s a（n） _____ 6 _____ of mine，” said the father. “He borrowed money from me and can’t _____ 7 _____ me back . Whenever he sees me， he says he’ll borrow some _____ 8 _____ from someone else so as to return it to me . This has been going on for a long time， and I don’t want to make him too sorry.”
The son said， “Father， _____ 9 _____ you don’t want to embarrass（使困窘）him， why don’t you tell him the money was a _____ 10 _____ and you don’t want it back？”
“I’ve already told him that，” said the father. “When I said， I don’t want it back，it’s a present， he got angry and said，‘I’m not a beggar!I’m your friend! When I was in _____ 11 _____ ， you gave me money， and when I can， I’ll give it back! I want to be your friend， not become a beggar!’I don’t want to embarrass him， or myself， either. So let’s take another road.”
The son said， “Father，you are truly good. I’m very _____ 12 _____ of you. It’s usually the _____ 13 _____ who tries to avoid the lender. It’s usually the _____ 14 _____ who is embarrassed， not the giver. But you’re so kind， and always _____ 15 _____ of others. I’ve learned from you to be a sympathetic(有同情心的) person.”
1. A. hopefully B. totally C. confidently D. suddenly
2. A. Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything
3. A. slower B. wider C. farther _____D. shorter
4. A. coming B. swimming _____ C. camping D. jumping
5. A. taking B. sitting C. running D. pointing
6. A. enemy B. friend C. stranger D. helper
7. A. call _____ B. put C. pay D. get
8. A. food _____ B. money C. jewellery D. treasure
9. A. unless B. if _____C. whether D. until
10. A. coin B. chance C. gift D. waste
11. A. sight B. public C. need _____ D. doubt
12. A. tired B. proud C. afraid _____ D. full
13. A. foreigner B. explorer C. borrower D. visitor
14. A. winner B. visitor C. stranger D. receiver
15. A. hear B. rob C. think _____ D. talk
E
When I was young， I always helped my grandfather in the fields. As I worked beside him， he _____ 1 _____ to tell a story about a man named Joe， and his wife， who moved to a new farm with their three sons. They were settling(定居) into the new place _____ 2 _____ a nearby farmer told Joe that there was gold in the earth. Joe was very _____ 3 _____ ， and told his sons about it.
They began to dig in one corner， and they got to the end of the field. At the same time， Joe thought he would _____ 4 _____ some crops where the earth had been
_____ 5 _____ . The plants included corn， tomatoes， potatoes， etc. His sons continued to dig through the soil， made up their mind to find the gold. Since _____ ６ _____ soil was being turned， Joe could plant more crops. Joe had never farmed before， but it had always been his _____ ７ _____ .
As different crops came ready to be harvested， Joe started to _____ 8 _____ that there were more vegetables than he and his family could ever _____ 9 _____ . One of Joe’s neighbors suggested that he _____ 10 _____ a vegetable shop. Joe and his wife did _____ 11 _____ very thing. They called it Joe and Family Vegetables. Joe even had to leave some crops in the field， _____ 12 _____ he had more than enough to supply the vegetable shop.
This went on for years， and Joe and his wife became quite rich from their little vegetalbe shop . They were even able to _____ 13 _____ their sons to college.
Remember the beginning of the story， when Joe was told by his new neighbour that there was gold in the land？Well， the truth is， Joe’s understanding of the English language was less than perfect. His new neighbor friend _____ 14 _____ meant that his land had rich _____ 15 _____ . So you can see where the concept (概念) of gold comes from.
1. A. feared B. agreed C. used _____D. failed
2. A. while B. as C. when _____D. after
3. A. happy B. disappointed C. angry D. calm
4. A. plant B. harvest C. water D. feed
5. A. controlled B. burned C. turned D. destroyed
6. A. more B. most _____ C. much D. few
7. A. job _____ B. problem C. pity _____ D. dream
8. A. realize B. promise C. relate D. regret
9. A. feed _____B. eat C. plant D. sell
10. A. take up B. set up C. turn up D. make up
11. A. this B. that _____ C. a D. any
12. A. now B. though C. so D. because
13. A. bring B. take _____ C. send D. make
14. A. actually B. eventually C. hopefully D. unfortunately
15. A. mud B. gold _____ C. soil _____ D. material
参考答案
A.1—5 C C B D D6—10 A D D B C
B.1—5 D B C A D6—10 D D C C C
C.1—5 B A C A D6—10 D A D A D11—15 D C B A A
D.1—5 D A C A D6—10 B C B B C11—15 C B C D C
E.1—5 C C A A C6—10 A D A B B11—15 B D C A C
题型特点
1. 完整性尽管文章有意挖去了一些词或短语，使信息链中断，造成间隔性的语义空白，但仍不失为一篇表达完整的文章。而且规范的完形填空命题首句往往不设空。
2. 实词性完形填空题的设置以意义完形为主，惯用搭配和语法完形为辅。所给选项以实词为主，虚词为辅。而对实词的考查又以考查情景意义为主。动词、名词、形容词等占很大比重，而介词的考查多以习语、惯用法等形式出现。
3. 同类性同类性是指所给的四个选项基本上属于同一种词性和词形，要么都是名词，要么都是动词。这种题型要求同学们要从所给词语本身的意义和用法入手进行分析，逐一排除错误的或不太妥当的选项，最终确定最佳答案。
4. 语境性“词不离句，句不离文”是完形填空最突出的一个特点。很多时候，所给的四个选项从语法角度来看都正确，或者没有明显的语法错误，单独从此空所在的句子很难做出判断，需通读上下文才能选出正确答案。题目的设置绝大多数是就近暗示，某些关键词、短语、甚至是标点符号，都有可能是答题的突破口。如 and， or， however， but 等前后连接成分的同义或反义关系； that is， in other words 等的解释说明作用等；还有的以信息句的形式出现，通过上下句的对照可找到答案。
5. 推理性近年来，完形填空越来越侧重考查考生根据上下文所提供的信息进行语言逻辑推理判断的能力。因此，题目的设置有朝深层结构或语境化方向发展的趋势。这要求学生不仅要捕捉上下文乃至全文的信息，而且要依照事物的发展规律、前因后果等进行综合分析判断，推断出正确的答案。
6. 常识性还有些题目的设置无论从词汇、语法、惯用法还是语境方面考虑都无法确定正确答案。这种情况下，就需要考生借助于常识或某些背景知识来解决问题。所以同学们不仅要熟练掌握语言基础知识，还要了解英语文化和风俗习惯，养成跨文化思维意识。
解题思路
第一步宏观理解： 速读全文，理清文章脉络，把握文章主旨，并通过语感来猜测答案。
面对一篇全新的完形填空，考生应快速通读全文，力求对文章的整体内容有一个基本的认识，明确主题思想，理清文章结构，了解文章层次。因为只有抓住了文章的中心思想，才能更好地进行上下文联系，从而就语篇层面上进行判断、分析、归纳和推理，可有效避免“一叶障目”现象的出现。一篇完整的文章挖去10个或15个空，要从整体上感知全文，了解文章主旨，困难当然是有的，但一定要坚持把文章从头至尾“啃”一到两遍。
通读全文时，语言基本功比较好的同学最好先不要看下面的备选答案，而首先对文中空白处所缺的词语或者含义作倾向性地猜测或推测，为下一步选择打下良好的基础。这种猜测或推测的过程不可能是顺利完成的，往往需要瞻前顾后、上下跳读、先易后难。对于猜测或推测不出来的空白处，不要着急，留待后一步再完成。
在理解完形填空短文的基础上，对短文中空白处所缺的词语进行先期的主观猜测或推测是可行的。凭自己的语感所作的第一推测往往是比较准确的。而且这种推测方式可以避免干扰项带来的负干扰，不至于影响推测的准确性。阅读能力好的考生，通常可以主观猜测或推测出百分之四十左右的空白处的答案。
第二步微观剖析：精读全文，结合上下文，认真分析选项，确定所剩空格的正确答案。
在精读短文的同时，考生应结合所提供的选项，本着先易后难的解题原则找出部分题目的正确选项，使文章进一步完整，为深入解题做好铺垫。切忌为了快速解题而不假思索就选一个答案，这样会大大降低解题的准确率。
紧抓语境，排除障碍。任何一篇文章的句子在结构和内容上都不会是孤立存在的，都会与所在的段落和整篇文章有或强或弱的联系，所以要解决中考完形填空中的长句、难句及生词障碍，很大程度上取决于对文章上下文的理解程度和对语境的认识。这里所说的语境既包括作者的写作态度、意图，又包括具体的语言环境。考生要依据短文自身完整的语言环境进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，先易后难、前后联系、首尾呼应，以此选出最佳答案。
第三步宏观复核：复读全文，再次凭借语感，逐一推敲所选答案，最终确定答案。
通读完形后的全文，在“俯瞰”全文的基础上，再次凭借语感进一步推敲自己的选择是否恰当、语法结构是否正确、逻辑推敲是否合理、全文是否通顺流畅等。对有疑问的答案，可重新选择。但要采取谨慎的态度，不要轻易怀疑自己的第一选择。进行该步骤时，最好将所选的答案用铅笔写在相应的空白处，以减少阅读过程中视觉跳移产生的负干扰和误差。
解题技巧
一、根据词义辨析来解题
词义辨析是中考完形填空测试的重点，并且随着中考试题命制水平的不断提高，同一题所设计的四个选项的词性往往相同，而且词义也很相近。所以，答题时应该结合所提供的四个选项，认真研读空格所在的句子以获得有效信息，进而快速解题。例如：
[经典试题]...Suddenly remembering that she had come out without her umbrella, Mrs. Grant felt _____19 _____for what she had done...
（2010年无锡）
19. A. angryB. sorryC. luckyD. glad
[简析] 该题所提供的四个选项都是形容词，只有在理解语境（我误拿了别人的伞）的基础上，才可以推断出“我”当时的心理感觉应该是“内疚”，所以B项正确。
二、根据固定搭配来解题
由于初中阶段词汇量的限制，对固定搭配的考查在完形填空题中也占有一定比重。所以，在解题时，要善于发现这类试题的考查点所在，结合平时所学的固定搭配，可以准确解答这类试题。例如：
[经典试题]...We were busy _____18 _____some beautiful story books，a doll house, a holiday dress and toys....（2010年徐州）
18. A. buyB. boughtC. to buyD. buying
[简析] 审题后可以知道，该题考查的是 “be busy doing sth.”这一固定搭配，故可以快速得到正确答案D项。
三、根据生活常识来解题
完形填空题整个语篇往往渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。背景知识指的是平时的常识，生活经验，英美国家的风俗习惯、文化背景、历史事件、地理位置等。考生做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，注意中西方文化方面存在的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，选出正确的答案。例如：
[经典试题]...I took hold of the lady’s arm. It took us about ten _____22 _____to slowly get down the steps...（2010年泰州）
22. A. secondsB. minutesC. hoursD. days
[简析]这是一道典型的生活常识题。根据日常知识可以知道，“我”在回家的途中帮一个老妇人走下一段陡峭的台阶，正常情况下应该花费十分钟左右的时间，所以该题的正确答案应该是B项。
四、利用关键词的复现来解题
复现是指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇当中。当考生不能用语言知识来敲定答案时，就要考虑是否在下面的语篇中存在这种“暗示”。
[典型题例]Jody was ten years old when he decided he needed a job. He thought it might be _____ 36 _____ to raise (养) worms. He could sell them to farmers and people who fished. So in _____ 37 _____，he bought many worms. But that winter the cold weather killed all the worms because he had not _____ 38 _____ them in a warm place.
The next spring Jody _____ 39 _____ again. He bought more worms, which he took good care of...（2008年无锡）
36. A. boring B. lucky C. fun D. impossible
37. A. autumn B. spring C. winter D. summer
38. A. caught B. found C. hidden D. put
39. A. tried B. waited C. failed D. practised
[简析]在解第37题时，如果考生没有语篇的意识，只是看空格所在的句子是很难作出准确的判断的。其实，下一段的第一句话就有暗示，可以推断出第37题的答案应该是B项。
五、通过上下文语境来解题
该类试题的设计主要是考查考生的综合分析能力。测试内容包括篇章结构和推理判断能力，这些答案的选择，起关键作用的是上下文的关系，也就是说，对短文的整体理解是非常重要的，这种考查项目的设计所占的比例逐年增大，且难度也大。考生必须跨越句子层次或段落层次才能选出正确的答案。
[典型题例]...He was one of the few people who _____28_____ to see a city street named in his honor. In 1991，one of the streets in his hometown was named “Daddy Bruce”. A few years later，he died ...
（2009年盐城）
28． A. cameB. livedC. wantedD. wished
[简析] 单纯从语法的角度来看，以上这道题所提供的四个选项都可以选择。此时，考生通过阅读下文“In 1991, one of the streets in his hometown was named “Daddy Bruce”. A few years later, he died.”可以知道，“他(Daddy Bruce)”应该是为数不多能“活着”看到以自己的名字来给街道命名的几个人之一，故B项正确。
六、通过文章深层意义的理解来解题
通过文章的深层意义来选择答案，是完形填空难度最大的一种形式。它要求考生不仅要有广博的英语文化知识、丰富的生活经历，还要能够驾驭全文；不仅理解文章的表层意义，而且要弄清文章的深层意义。
[典型题例]...“Hold your head up high” has been _____29 _____many times in my home. Each of my children has felt its _____30 _____. The gift she gave me lives on in my children.
(2010年扬州)
29. A. shouted B. heard C. broadcast D. discussed
30. A. power B. promise C. energy D. secret
[简析] 根据上文，结合词义的辨析，可以知道第29题的最佳答案应该是B项。而第30题的正确解答，则需要考生在全面理解短文的基础上弄清文章的深层意义（我们必须要昂首挺胸，勇敢地面对世界），才能选出最佳答案A项。
备考策略
●背诵语篇、培养语感是提高解题能力之根本。
语感的形成是基于锲而不舍地听、说、读、写的反复实践，日积月累而形成的一种条件反射。认真诵读教材中的阅读材料和中考真题，不失为高效的备考策略。中考题中的完形填空题因为其内部有复杂的关系、精妙的结构、地道的表达，是中考试卷中很有价值的语篇。从真实语段中积累的词汇、句型往往能够在潜移默化中变成自己的语言知识和技能，再次面对完形填空的时候就能够从容不迫、游刃有余。
●适度训练、总结规律是快速提高解题能力的“捷径”。
迎考阶段，如能坚持每天精做一到两篇完形填空，而且做题之后注意总结并彻底查清单词的含义，同时辅以必要的语法书作查缺补漏之用，这样，在解题的过程中就会逐渐找到一些规律，从而提高自己的解题能力。
迎考专练
A
In Brooklyn, New York, a little girl was playing with some boys. They were riding bicycles and playing ball games.
“Diana!” the girl’s father called. “Play with the _____ 1 _____ ! You’re not a boy.”
Diana’s father sounded angry. But Diana knew that her father was in fact
_____ 2 _____ of her for being good at sports， and strong.
As Diana grew up， however， she _____ 3 _____ playing ball games and riding bicycles. She got married and had two sons. The years passed.
One day， _____ 4 _____ Diana was 48 years old， she went to a gym. She started doing exercise: lifting weights， jogging and swimming. She really _____ 5 _____ it， and began going every day. She got stronger and stronger， and _____ 6 _____ a bodybuilder. Today Diana Vasquez is a champion(冠军) bodybuilder who has won over twenty-four awards for bodybuilding.
Diana says the reason she exercises is not only to win _____ 7 _____ . Her father said， “Good health is very important. Without your health you’ll have nothing.” Diana thinks her father is right. She says， “Bodybuilding keeps me healthy. I _____ 8 _____ better today than I did twenty years ago.”
Diana says， “Good food is very important too. Diet is fifty percent of _____ 9 _____ . I don’t eat butter or oil. I eat a lot of fruit， vegetables and rice. I also get plenty of sleep and go out often for fresh _____ 10 _____ .”
Bodybuilding and a good diet keep Diana healthy and young-looking. How old do you think she is？
1. A. kids B. adults C. girls D. boys
2. A. careful B. afraid C. proud D. tired
3. A. strarted B. stopped C. remembered D. liked
4. A. because B. unless C. since D. when
5. A. hoped B. built C. preferred D. enjoyed
6. A. became B. brought C. taught D. dreamed
7. A. money B. attention C. performances D. awards
8. A. study B. dress C. grow D. feel
9. A. weight B. health C. life D. pleasure
10. A. mind B. water C. air D. meal
B
I dropped my 5-year-old daughter off at the day care centre yesterday. There we saw one of her friends sitting at a table alone， crying . She sometimes gets _____ 1 _____ when her mom leaves. My daughter _____ 2 _____ with her， and they’re good friends. When we saw the little girl _____ 3 _____ ， I asked my daughter if she wanted to go and _____ 4 _____ by her. She said， “Yes， I don’t want her to be _____ 5 _____ ，” and then took her breakfast to sit beside her friend. I watched her _____ 6 _____ her food and talk to the little girl.
Walking back to my car I was very happy to know that my little girl has a kind heart. When I got home last night， I asked her how her day had been. She said that her _____ 7 _____ wasn’t sad any more. She was proud to have shared her _____ 8 _____ with her and played with her all day. I praised my daughter for being such a caring friend and told her that I was very proud of her. She smiled， and told me that she didn’t like to see people being sad.
I hugged her and told her what a wonderful girl she was. _____ 9 _____ ， she said，“I’m Daddy’s little girl.” I couldn’t help but smile， and was proud to be her dad. My little girl has _____ 10 _____ me a lot. Because of her I do my best to make people who may be sad smile.
1. A. bored B. surprised C. excited D. worried
2. A. agrees B. plays C. fights D. argues
3. A. singing B. talking C. crying D. dancing
4. A. sit B. wait C. pass D. drop
5. A. frightened B. nervous C. afraid D. sad
6. A. make B. eat C. enjoy D. share
7. A. daughter B. teacher C. toy D. friend
8. A. feeling B. drink C. food D. dream
9. A. Sadly B. Luckily C. Proudly D. Rudely
10. A. encouraged B. respected C. taught D. told
C
This is a story about five brothers who live peacefully in a village. They have no parents and live by running a rice field. Their rice field is too far from home. After discussing， they all _____ 1 _____ to leave the youngest brother at home to take care of their house. The youngest is very happy with this _____ 2 _____ ， so every day when the brothers arrive home， they always find that their house is _____ 3 _____ and comfortable. Foods and drinks are _____ 4 _____ on the table， their beds are warm and all the dirty clothes have been _____ 5 _____ .
One day， one of the other brothers _____ 6 _____ the job of the youngest， so he says to his other brothers that it is unfair， _____ 7 _____ the youngest never has to go to the field. At last， the others accept his idea， so now they all go to the field together， _____ 8 _____ the youngest. However， _____ 9 _____ they get home they find that their home in a mess and the table is empty. Only then do they realize the change. Their youngest brother plays a very important role， and they have _____ 10 _____ the importance of his staying at home.
So never ignore those who work _____ 11 _____ the scene and those whose _____ 12 _____ can never be seen. If we do that， one day we will find that we have _____ 13 _____ the best people in our home. Learn to see the _____ 14 _____ side of what people do， and imagine what if they leave your life or your house . Remember！We all have different _____ 15 _____ ， so even though some people might only have average talents， we have to learn to respect them and their ability.
1. A. fail _____ B. agree _____ C. afford _____ D. refuse
2. A. decision B. order _____ C. destination D. reason
3. A. rough B. unpleasant C. clean _____ D. soft
4. A. prepared B. cooled _____C. ordered D. eaten
5. A. ironed B. repaired C. brushed D. washed
6. A. misuses B. leaves _____C. reduces D. envies
7. A. because B. therefore C. however D. while
8. A. containing B. surrounding C. leaving D. including
9. A. when B. even _____ C. before _____ D. until
10. A. misused B. balanced C. trusted D. ignored
11. A. at _____ B. in C. before _____ D. behind
12. A. sight B. confidence C. work D. sense
13. A. named B. lost C. controlled D. killed
14. A. good B. bad C. certain _____D. curious
15. A. talents B. evidences C. successes D.scores _____
D
A father and his son were walking together， enjoying the early morning wind. They had a good distance when the father stopped _____ 1 _____ and said， “Son， stop!”
The son asked， “What’s wrong？”
The father said， “ _____ 2 _____ special， but let’s not walk any _____ 3 _____ on this road.”
“Why not？” asked the son.
“Do you see that elderly man _____ 4 _____ towards us？” the father asked， _____ 5 _____down the road .
“Yes， I see him，” replied the son.
“He’s a（n） _____ 6 _____ of mine，” said the father. “He borrowed money from me and can’t _____ 7 _____ me back . Whenever he sees me， he says he’ll borrow some _____ 8 _____ from someone else so as to return it to me . This has been going on for a long time， and I don’t want to make him too sorry.”
The son said， “Father， _____ 9 _____ you don’t want to embarrass（使困窘）him， why don’t you tell him the money was a _____ 10 _____ and you don’t want it back？”
“I’ve already told him that，” said the father. “When I said， I don’t want it back，it’s a present， he got angry and said，‘I’m not a beggar!I’m your friend! When I was in _____ 11 _____ ， you gave me money， and when I can， I’ll give it back! I want to be your friend， not become a beggar!’I don’t want to embarrass him， or myself， either. So let’s take another road.”
The son said， “Father，you are truly good. I’m very _____ 12 _____ of you. It’s usually the _____ 13 _____ who tries to avoid the lender. It’s usually the _____ 14 _____ who is embarrassed， not the giver. But you’re so kind， and always _____ 15 _____ of others. I’ve learned from you to be a sympathetic(有同情心的) person.”
1. A. hopefully B. totally C. confidently D. suddenly
2. A. Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything
3. A. slower B. wider C. farther _____D. shorter
4. A. coming B. swimming _____ C. camping D. jumping
5. A. taking B. sitting C. running D. pointing
6. A. enemy B. friend C. stranger D. helper
7. A. call _____ B. put C. pay D. get
8. A. food _____ B. money C. jewellery D. treasure
9. A. unless B. if _____C. whether D. until
10. A. coin B. chance C. gift D. waste
11. A. sight B. public C. need _____ D. doubt
12. A. tired B. proud C. afraid _____ D. full
13. A. foreigner B. explorer C. borrower D. visitor
14. A. winner B. visitor C. stranger D. receiver
15. A. hear B. rob C. think _____ D. talk
E
When I was young， I always helped my grandfather in the fields. As I worked beside him， he _____ 1 _____ to tell a story about a man named Joe， and his wife， who moved to a new farm with their three sons. They were settling(定居) into the new place _____ 2 _____ a nearby farmer told Joe that there was gold in the earth. Joe was very _____ 3 _____ ， and told his sons about it.
They began to dig in one corner， and they got to the end of the field. At the same time， Joe thought he would _____ 4 _____ some crops where the earth had been
_____ 5 _____ . The plants included corn， tomatoes， potatoes， etc. His sons continued to dig through the soil， made up their mind to find the gold. Since _____ ６ _____ soil was being turned， Joe could plant more crops. Joe had never farmed before， but it had always been his _____ ７ _____ .
As different crops came ready to be harvested， Joe started to _____ 8 _____ that there were more vegetables than he and his family could ever _____ 9 _____ . One of Joe’s neighbors suggested that he _____ 10 _____ a vegetable shop. Joe and his wife did _____ 11 _____ very thing. They called it Joe and Family Vegetables. Joe even had to leave some crops in the field， _____ 12 _____ he had more than enough to supply the vegetable shop.
This went on for years， and Joe and his wife became quite rich from their little vegetalbe shop . They were even able to _____ 13 _____ their sons to college.
Remember the beginning of the story， when Joe was told by his new neighbour that there was gold in the land？Well， the truth is， Joe’s understanding of the English language was less than perfect. His new neighbor friend _____ 14 _____ meant that his land had rich _____ 15 _____ . So you can see where the concept (概念) of gold comes from.
1. A. feared B. agreed C. used _____D. failed
2. A. while B. as C. when _____D. after
3. A. happy B. disappointed C. angry D. calm
4. A. plant B. harvest C. water D. feed
5. A. controlled B. burned C. turned D. destroyed
6. A. more B. most _____ C. much D. few
7. A. job _____ B. problem C. pity _____ D. dream
8. A. realize B. promise C. relate D. regret
9. A. feed _____B. eat C. plant D. sell
10. A. take up B. set up C. turn up D. make up
11. A. this B. that _____ C. a D. any
12. A. now B. though C. so D. because
13. A. bring B. take _____ C. send D. make
14. A. actually B. eventually C. hopefully D. unfortunately
15. A. mud B. gold _____ C. soil _____ D. material
参考答案
A.1—5 C C B D D6—10 A D D B C
B.1—5 D B C A D6—10 D D C C C
C.1—5 B A C A D6—10 D A D A D11—15 D C B A A
D.1—5 D A C A D6—10 B C B B C11—15 C B C D C
E.1—5 C C A A C6—10 A D A B B11—15 B D C A C