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家族的挽歌,作为20世纪中国家族小说的第一道母题,是以二元悖裂的状态构成的。这种悖裂主要表现为情与理的矛盾。正是在这种二元悖裂的状态中,20世纪中国家族小说在对衰落的家族献上挽歌的同时,也献上了人的解放之歌与生命的挽歌。人的解放之歌在人的精神与物质两个层面展开,形成了“颂歌”与“悲歌”两个类别,它们分别存在于20世纪前半叶与后半叶中国家族小说中。生命的挽歌主要在生命之美、生命之善、生命之真三个具有形而上意义的层面展开,它们的出现既是家族的挽歌这一母题二元悖裂的结果,又在客观上为家族挽歌的母题注入了更为丰富复杂的内容。
The elegy of the family, as the first motif of Chinese family novels in the 20th century, is constituted by a state of dualism. This contradiction is mainly manifested in the contradiction between love and reason. It is in this state of dualism that the Chinese family novels of the 20th century presented an elegy to the decline of the family as well as the song of human liberation and the elegy of life. The song of human liberation begins at two levels of human spirit and materiality, forming two categories of “carols” and “sad songs”, which exist respectively in Chinese family novels in the first half and the second half of the 20th century. The elegy of life is mainly carried out on the three metaphysical aspects of the beauty of life, the goodness of life and the truth of life. Their appearance is not only the result of the dual contradiction of the motif of the family’s elegy, but also the objective delight for the family Motif infused more rich and complex content.