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化学疗法的应用至少已有20年,在治疗恶性肿瘤,特别是急性淋巴细胞白血病和何杰金氏病方面产生了惊人的效果。化学疗法也扩大到治疗其它疾病,如肾病综合征或慢性多发性关节炎,但结果尚有争论。这些治疗的特点是对构成骨髓、皮肤和肠上皮迅速更新的细胞群产生直接的副作用。现在也证明,人们应当担心某些药物长时间对生殖系统的影响和有害作用。在后一种情况下,最常受到指摘的药剂是烷化基衍生物,如氮芥类(环磷酰胺、氮芥、苯丁酸氮芥),磺酸盐(白血
The use of chemotherapy for at least 20 years has produced surprising results in the treatment of malignant tumors, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Hodgkin’s disease. Chemotherapy has also been expanded to treat other diseases, such as nephrotic syndrome or chronic polyarthritis, but the results are still controversial. These treatments are characterized by a direct side effect on the rapidly regenerating cell population that constitutes bone marrow, skin, and intestinal epithelium. It is also now proven that people should be concerned about the long-term effects and harmful effects of certain drugs on the reproductive system. In the latter case, the most commonly cited agents are alkylated derivatives such as nitrogen mustards (cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard, chlorambucil), sulfonate (white blood)