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0引言近年来,港口航运业发展迅猛。2014年,上海港货物吞吐量完成7.55亿t,集装箱吞吐量完成3 528.5万TEU,连创历史新高、保持世界第一。船舶作为国际贸易运输的重要载体,随着船载货物数量、品种及危险系数的连年攀升,以及全球范围内极端主义、恐怖主义势力的抬头,对港口设施及作业船舶安全带来极大隐患。海事管理机构亟需在现行的港口国监督(Port State Control,PSC)体制下治理安全隐患,保障船舶航行及水
0 Introduction In recent years, the port shipping industry has developed rapidly. In 2014, Shanghai Port completed 755 million tons of cargo throughput and completed 32.858 million TEU of container throughput, achieving a record high in history and keeping the world number one. Ship as an important carrier of international trade and transportation, with the increasing number of shipments of goods, breeds and dangerous factors and the rise of extremism, terrorism worldwide, bringing great risks to the safety of port facilities and operating vessels. It is imperative for maritime authorities to manage potential safety hazards under the existing Port State Control (PSC) system so as to ensure safe navigation of ships and water