断层是控制油气藏形成的重要因素之一,断层的开启及闭合影响到油气运移与聚集的效率。但油气在断层中的运移与在砂层中的充注存在差异性这一问题长期被忽视。一般认为,只要发育断层,其断开的渗透层就会被油气充注,极少关注地层水和石油的压缩特性对充注的影响。本文提出,地下单断层活动时,深部油气在超压作用下以涌流方式难以快速充注进入中浅层被切割的砂体,因此,单砂体至少要存在一条断层作为泄水出口,石油才能通过其余断层充注进入砂体,即单砂体要发育两条及两条以上断层,石油才能注入砂体。在断层静止期,油气通过渗流方式沿特定深度范围断面垂向运移,对油气垂向运移距离影响较小。本文运用4个大型盆地的典型油气藏与断层分布关系讨论了本文观点。该观点对油气成藏规律研究及成藏目标评价有较重要参考意义。 Faults are one of the important factors that control the formation of oil and gas reservoirs. The opening and closing of faults affect the efficiency of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. However, the issue of the difference between hydrocarbon migration in the fault and charge in the sandstone has long been neglected. It is generally accepted that as long as a fault is developed, the broken permeable layer will be filled with oil and gas with little attention paid to the effect of formation water and oil compression on charging. In this paper, it is suggested that it is difficult for the deep oil and gas to fill into the medium and shallow cut sand bodies under the action of overpressure under the action of overpressure in this paper. Therefore, at least one fault should exist in the single sand body as the outlet for discharging oil. Filling into the sand body through the remaining faults, that is, the development of two sand bodies and two or more faults, oil can be injected into the sand body. During the quiescent period of the fault, the oil and gas migrate vertically along the cross-section along a certain depth range and have little effect on the vertical migration distance of oil and gas. This paper discusses the point of view of the relationship between the typical reservoir and fault distribution in four large basins. This point of view is of great importance to the study of hydrocarbon accumulation laws and the evaluation of hydrocarbon accumulation targets.