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【目的】烃类渗漏是地球化学循环中的自然垂直运移现象。油气微生物勘探技术就是通过检测油气微生物在烃类渗漏条件下形成的异常特征进而预测下伏油气藏。然而,上浮烃类比重小,使得油气微生物丰度小,缺乏对油气藏地表烃类与油气微生物的深入认识。【方法】本研究在人工模拟环境下,采用培养法和定量PCR对油气微生物数量和油气功能基因的变化特征进行研究。【结果】人工模拟的不同渗漏环境,在一定的驯化培养周期下分别考察甲烷氧化菌和丁烷氧化菌数量变化特征,甲烷氧化菌与丁烷氧化菌在不同烃源中呈现不同的发育情况;同时,在气态烃高浓度阳性对照和微渗漏条件下,油气指示基因pmo A与bom X基因丰度呈现增长现象,然而经过吹脱实验基因丰度仍能指示出曾经发育的油气微生物,在油气微生物勘探检测分析时间尺度上精度高于数量水平的检测。【结论】本研究考察了土壤中油气微生物的数量和功能基因变化特征,为烃类渗漏与油气微生物之间的相关性研究奠定了基础,为油气微生物勘探提供直接实验依据。
【Objective】 Hydrocarbon leakage is a phenomenon of natural vertical migration in geochemical cycles. Oil and gas microbiological exploration technology is through the detection of oil and gas microorganisms in the formation of hydrocarbon leakage under the abnormal characteristics and then predict the underlying oil and gas reservoirs. However, the proportion of floating hydrocarbons is small, making the hydrocarbon abundance is small, the lack of deep understanding of hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon on the surface of reservoirs. 【Method】 In this study, the quantitative characteristics of oil and gas microbes and the characteristics of oil and gas functional genes were studied by using culture and quantitative PCR under the artificial environment. 【Result】 The results showed that under the different environments simulated by artificial conditions, the quantitative characteristics of methanotrophs and butane oxidized bacteria were examined under certain acclimation period. Methane oxidizing bacteria and butane oxidizing bacteria showed different development in different hydrocarbon sources At the same time, under the condition of high concentration of gaseous hydrocarbon and microleakage, the abundance of hydrocarbon indicator gene pmo A and bom X showed a growth phenomenon, however, the abundance of experimental genes could still indicate the once developed oil and gas microbes, In the hydrocarbon microbiological exploration detection and analysis of time scale accuracy higher than the number of levels of detection. 【Conclusion】 In this study, we investigated the number of oil and gas microbes and the features of functional genes in soils, which laid the foundation for the study on the correlation between hydrocarbon leakage and oil-gas microbes and provided a direct experimental basis for the exploration of oil and gas microbes.