论文部分内容阅读
目的了解2007-2011年红河州流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)流行病学特征,为乙脑防控提供科学依据。方法采用描述性研究方法,利用《乙脑监测信息报告管理系统》网络直报的数据进行流行病学分析。结果全州除河口外的12个县市5年共报告乙脑病例124例,死亡3例,年发病率为0.56/10万,年平均死亡率0.01/10万。发病以农村为主(92.74%);其次为城乡结合部(7.26%)。发病季节性明显,5月开始上升,7~8月为高峰,与全国发病一致。病例主要集中在10岁以下儿童(95例),占乙脑发病数的76.61%。男女发病数分别为73例、51例,男女发病比为1.43∶1。职业以散居儿童和学生为主(75%)。病例实验室检测确诊90例(72.58%)。类型以重性为主。疫苗接种率低下,50例病例未接种过疫苗,71例接种史不详,仅有3例有明确接种史。结论疫苗接种是预防和控制乙脑发病最为有效的策略和措施,应加大乙脑疫苗接种力度。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) from 2007 to 2011 in Honghe Prefecture and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of JE. Methods Using descriptive research methods, epidemiological analysis was conducted using the direct reporting data of JE monitoring information report management system. Results A total of 124 JE cases and 3 deaths were reported in 12 counties and cities outside the mouth of the state in 5 years. The annual incidence rate was 0.56 / lakh and the annual average death rate was 0.01 / lakh. The incidence was mainly in rural areas (92.74%), followed by urban-rural areas (7.26%). Seasonal obvious onset in May began to rise, 7 to August for the peak, consistent with the national incidence. The cases are mainly concentrated in children under 10 years old (95 cases), accounting for 76.61% of the number of JE. The incidence of male and female were 73 cases, 51 cases, male to female incidence ratio of 1.43: 1. Occupation is dominated by scattered children and students (75%). Case laboratory tests confirmed 90 cases (72.58%). The main type of heavy. Vaccination rate is low, 50 cases were not vaccinated, 71 cases of vaccination history is unknown, only 3 cases have a clear history of vaccination. Conclusion Vaccination is the most effective strategy and measure to prevent and control the incidence of JE. Encephalitis B vaccine should be increased.