一、采煤工艺的发展情况远在40年代以前,煤炭的开采主要是使用风镐落煤或打眼放炮,有些国家虽然在掏槽及运煤方面局部实现了机械化,但回采工作面内最繁重的装煤与支护工序,仍靠人工完成。这种方式采煤,产量不高,效率很低,工作面日产量停止在200～300吨这一水平上,工作面效率仅3吨左右。一般把这种生产方式称为人工开采。 First, the development of coal mining far As early as the 40s, coal mining is mainly the use of wind-blasting coal or shot blasting, while some countries in the cut and coal transportation partially achieved mechanization, but the mining face of the most heavily The coal loading and supporting processes are still completed by hand. Coal mining in this way, the yield is not high, the efficiency is very low, the face daily output to stop at the level of 200 to 300 tons, face efficiency of only about 3 tons. This type of production is generally called artificial extraction.