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目的调查分析郑州市中老年脑卒中高危人群危险因素,进行有效干预,降低脑卒中发病率。方法筛选郑州市某社区所辖40岁以上人口16 000例,调查高血压、心脏病、糖尿病、脑卒中家族史、吸烟、高脂血症、体力活动、肥胖的情况,进行病史采集、体格检查、实验室检查,符合脑卒中高危人群2 000例,以整群抽样方法抽取766例,按照年龄和性别分组,对危险因素暴露率及其人群分布特征进行分析和描述。结果在脑卒中高危人群中危险因素暴露率从高到低依次为:高脂血症(82.4%)、高血压(58.0%)、肥胖(37.3%)、缺乏体力活动(37.1%)、吸烟(35.8%)、脑卒中家族史(32.1%)、糖尿病(30.8%)、心脏病(8.2%)。与中年组相比:老年组高血压暴露率高,吸烟、脑卒中家族史、缺乏体力活动暴露率低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与男性相比,女性心脏病、脑卒中家族史、高血压暴露率高,吸烟少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中高危人群中主要危险因素为高脂血症、高血压、肥胖,年龄性别不同,危险因素暴露水平不同,为有效干预提供依据。
Objective To investigate and analyze the risk factors of middle-aged and high-risk stroke population in Zhengzhou and to make effective intervention to reduce the incidence of stroke. Methods A total of 16 000 cases over the age of 40 under the jurisdiction of a community in Zhengzhou were screened for the history of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, family history of stroke, smoking, hyperlipidemia, physical activity and obesity. , Laboratory tests, in line with the high risk of stroke in 2000 cases of patients with cluster sampling method for the extraction of 766 cases, according to age and sex groups, the exposure rate of risk factors and population distribution characteristics were analyzed and described. Results The highest risk factors for stroke in high risk groups were: hyperlipidemia (82.4%), hypertension (58.0%), obesity (37.3%), lack of physical activity (37.1%), smoking 35.8%), a family history of stroke (32.1%), diabetes (30.8%) and heart disease (8.2%). Compared with the middle-aged group, the elderly group had high rate of hypertension, smoking, family history of stroke and lack of exposure to physical activity. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Compared with men, female patients had a history of heart disease, family history of stroke, high rate of hypertension and less smoking, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The main risk factors of high risk stroke population are hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, different age and gender, different exposure levels of risk factors, and provide basis for effective intervention.