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2009年安徽省高考英语命题进行了改革,其中最大的变化就是去掉了短文改错,增加了任务型读写。这是一个新题型,考生必须给予高度的关注。该题的题型结构为一篇300字左右的短文和表格,它要求考生归纳概括文中要点,整合零散信息并且把系统化的信息以表格形式有序地表述出来,使零散信息条理化、明朗化、简单化和形象化。通过阅读表格,读者迅速理清文章结构,获取主要信息,抓住段落主题,了解文章的大意。它是对已阅读信息二次加工的过程,体现出了新课改增加客观表达题的努力和未来的命题方向。
一、引用原词题
这是基础题,学生只要在文中捕捉到相关信息,直接引用原文单词就行了。该类题考核学生是否读懂原文,能否对文中有效信息(文中直接找到)进行筛选,从而捕捉到所需单词。难度较低,适应于绝大部分学生。如:
①短文:What comes first is to keep an open mind,because Everyone’s ideas deserve thinking.
图表:Keep an open mind to everyone’s(ideas/opinion/thoughts/views)。
②短文:In America,the climate is becoming more extreme——the summers are getting hotter and the storms are becoming more violent.
图表:In America,(hotter)summers.More(violent)storms.Worst floods.
二、提炼新词题
这是提高题,不仅考核学生从文中捕捉有效信息的能力,还考核学生的整合能力:对文章的原句,根据句型结构变化和语法要求或逻辑推理计算进行加工,从而提炼出新词的能力。这种设空根据提炼方式不同可分为以下几种情况。
1.基于原词
(1)同源词
③短文:Artemis accidentally killed her while hunting.
图表:Artemis killed her by(accident).
(2)语法变形
④短文:Wearing the heavy coat embarrasses his movements.
图表:His movements are(embarrassed)by wearing the heavy coat.
⑤短文:It is becoming a matter ofconcern for more and more people.
图表:More and more people came to be(concerned)about children’s in recent years.
2.基于意义
(1)变化结构
⑥短文:Do not smoke for at least 30 minutes.Avoid alcohol for the rest of the day.
图表:(stop/no/avoid)smoking for not less than 30 minutes.
(2)同义替换
⑦短文:Do not do any laborious activity for24 hours.
图表:(09安徽高考说明)Don’t perform any laborious activity for a(whole)day.
⑧短文:Wealth is as old as human history.
图表:Wealth originated from the(beginning)of the human history.
(3)推理
⑨短文:She(Artemis)was also the twin sister of Apollo.
图表:Artemis was the goddess ofhunting,daughter of Zeus and Leto,with the twin (brother),Apollo.
⑩短文:Poverty is the lack of food or shelter.
3.基于计算
{11}短文:Entering the 21stcentury,almost a billion people were unable to read.
三、综合概括新词题
根据表格的要求,综合概括出文章的标题、段落大意、文章目的、結论、文章主题、作者意图、表格中的上一级项目等,所填单词往往在文中找不到,要求较高,难度较大。考生必须在阅读理解的基础上,结合表格的内容和结构对阅读信息进行二次加工,归纳要点,整合零散信息,并根据表格的形式把加工后的信息准确、有序(单词大小写和语法变形、文章的内容顺序与表格的内容顺序)地表达出来。如:
{12}短文:The local university blood center had a blood drive today at the Civic Center auditorium。
一、引用原词题
这是基础题,学生只要在文中捕捉到相关信息,直接引用原文单词就行了。该类题考核学生是否读懂原文,能否对文中有效信息(文中直接找到)进行筛选,从而捕捉到所需单词。难度较低,适应于绝大部分学生。如:
①短文:What comes first is to keep an open mind,because Everyone’s ideas deserve thinking.
图表:Keep an open mind to everyone’s(ideas/opinion/thoughts/views)。
②短文:In America,the climate is becoming more extreme——the summers are getting hotter and the storms are becoming more violent.
图表:In America,(hotter)summers.More(violent)storms.Worst floods.
二、提炼新词题
这是提高题,不仅考核学生从文中捕捉有效信息的能力,还考核学生的整合能力:对文章的原句,根据句型结构变化和语法要求或逻辑推理计算进行加工,从而提炼出新词的能力。这种设空根据提炼方式不同可分为以下几种情况。
1.基于原词
(1)同源词
③短文:Artemis accidentally killed her while hunting.
图表:Artemis killed her by(accident).
(2)语法变形
④短文:Wearing the heavy coat embarrasses his movements.
图表:His movements are(embarrassed)by wearing the heavy coat.
⑤短文:It is becoming a matter ofconcern for more and more people.
图表:More and more people came to be(concerned)about children’s in recent years.
2.基于意义
(1)变化结构
⑥短文:Do not smoke for at least 30 minutes.Avoid alcohol for the rest of the day.
图表:(stop/no/avoid)smoking for not less than 30 minutes.
(2)同义替换
⑦短文:Do not do any laborious activity for24 hours.
图表:(09安徽高考说明)Don’t perform any laborious activity for a(whole)day.
⑧短文:Wealth is as old as human history.
图表:Wealth originated from the(beginning)of the human history.
(3)推理
⑨短文:She(Artemis)was also the twin sister of Apollo.
图表:Artemis was the goddess ofhunting,daughter of Zeus and Leto,with the twin (brother),Apollo.
⑩短文:Poverty is the lack of food or shelter.
3.基于计算
{11}短文:Entering the 21stcentury,almost a billion people were unable to read.
三、综合概括新词题
根据表格的要求,综合概括出文章的标题、段落大意、文章目的、結论、文章主题、作者意图、表格中的上一级项目等,所填单词往往在文中找不到,要求较高,难度较大。考生必须在阅读理解的基础上,结合表格的内容和结构对阅读信息进行二次加工,归纳要点,整合零散信息,并根据表格的形式把加工后的信息准确、有序(单词大小写和语法变形、文章的内容顺序与表格的内容顺序)地表达出来。如:
{12}短文:The local university blood center had a blood drive today at the Civic Center auditorium。