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焊后热处理是压力容器制造中的关键步骤,担负着消除焊接残余应力,改善焊接接头的组织和性能的作用,选用合适的热处理方式,保证压力容器的性能。焊后热处理之前的热平衡计算是制定热处理工艺方案、工艺参数的前提。本文分别介绍了三种焊后热处理方式的热平衡计算方法和步骤,通过准确合理的热平衡计算,选用有足够加热能力的加热元件,或是备足加热用燃料,合理的设计保温温度、保温时间、加热速度、冷却速度、入炉温度、出炉温度,以避免焊后热处理后设备变形或存留过大的残余应力。使金属材料在规定的时间内具有必备的抵抗破坏的能力,保证压力容器的使用寿命,不能因为焊后热处理的不当而导致压力容器过早的失效。
Post-weld heat treatment is the key step in the manufacture of pressure vessel, which is responsible for eliminating the residual stress of welding and improving the microstructure and properties of the welded joint. The suitable heat treatment method is adopted to ensure the performance of the pressure vessel. Heat balance before the heat treatment after the heat treatment is to develop heat treatment process program, the premise of process parameters. In this paper, the methods and steps of thermal equilibrium of three kinds of post-weld heat treatment are introduced respectively. Through accurate and reasonable thermal balance calculation, heating elements with sufficient heating capacity are selected, or sufficient fuel is used for heating, reasonable design of holding temperature, holding time, Heating speed, cooling rate, temperature of the furnace, the temperature of the furnace, in order to avoid post-weld heat treatment equipment deformation or residual large residual stress. So that the metal material within the required time with the ability to resist damage to ensure the life of the pressure vessel, not because of post-weld heat treatment caused improper failure of the pressure vessel premature.