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二战后,美国主导建立了以黄金为参照、美元为中心,欧洲货币汇率紧盯美元的布雷顿森林体系,并由此确立了美元的国际贸易结算货币地位。随着欧洲经济的快速发展及欧美经济实力强弱对比的变化,布雷顿森林体系崩溃。随后美国建立了以石油为参照、美元为中心,亚洲货币紧盯美元的“石油美元”(即布雷顿森林II)体系。国际油价与美元指数关联度增强,逐渐具备金融属性,美元走势成为油价的重要影响因素。随着亚洲经济的崛起和美亚经济实力对比变化及金融危机的爆发、新能源的发展,美元进一步贬值,石油需求增长趋缓,国际油价波动增大,金融属性减弱,风险性增强,“石油美元”体系面临挑战。
After World War II, the United States led the establishment of the Bretton Woods system with gold as the reference and the U.S. dollar as the center, and the European currency pegged to the U.S. dollar. Thus, the United States established the currency position of international trade settlement. With the rapid development of European economy and the changes in the comparison of economic strength and strength in Europe and the United States, the Bretton Woods system collapsed. Subsequently, the United States established a petroleum-dollar (Bretton Woods II) system with petroleum as the reference and the U.S. dollar as the center, while Asian currencies are focusing on the U.S. dollar. The correlation between international oil prices and the US dollar index increased gradually with financial attributes. The trend of the U.S. dollar has become an important factor in oil prices. With the rise of Asia’s economy and the changes in the economic strength of the United States and Asia, as well as the changes in the economic strength of the United States, the outbreak of the financial crisis and the development of new energy sources, the U.S. dollar has further devalued, the oil demand growth has slowed down, the international oil price has fluctuated, the financial attributes weakened and the risks increased. USD "system is facing challenges.