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Unresolved pulmonary inflammation in hyaline membrane disease (HMD) may be a p recursor to the development of chronic lung disease of early infancy. We investi gated whether nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor that regulate s the inflammatory process, is activated in pulmonary leukocytes in tracheal asp irates from premature infants with HMD. A total of 172 samples were obtained fro m 59 infants, two thirds of whom showed NF-κB activation in lung neutrophils a nd macrophages on at least one occasion. Infants who had activated NF-κB showe d elevated tumor necrosis factor-αconcentrations in their tracheal aspirates. These infants also required a longer period of mechanical ventilation support. A lmost half of the infants with HMD had antenatal exposure to chorioamnionitis on the basis of placental histopathologic examination. These infants had evidence of activated NF-κB and elevated cytokines and were more likely to have Ureapla sma urealyticum colonization in their airways. Together, these observations sugg est that NF-κB activation in pulmonary leukocytes may be involved in the lung inflammatory process in infants with HMD.
Unresolved pulmonary inflammation in hyaline membrane disease (HMD) may be aprecursor to the development of chronic lung disease of early infancy. Weinvestigated whether nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor that regulate the inflammatory process, is activated in pulmonary leukocytes in tracheal asp irates from premature infants with HMD. A total of 172 samples were obtained fro m 59 infants, two thirds of whom showed NF-κB activation in lung neutrophils a nd macrophages on at least one occasion. NF-κB showe drogenic tumor necrosis factor-αconcentrations in their tracheal aspirates. These infants also require a longer period of mechanical ventilation support. These lmost half of the infants with HMD had antenatal exposure to chorioamnionitis on the basis of placental histopathologic examination. These infants had evidence of activated NF-κB and elevated cytokines and were more likely to have ureapla sma urealyticum colonization in their airways. Together, these observations sugg est that NF-κB activation in pulmonary leukocytes may be involved in the lung inflammatory process in infants with HMD.