鲁迅先生历来要求我们“博采口语”来改革文章,并对人民群众的语言给予高度的评价,他曾热情地赞扬:“方言土话里,很有些意味深长的话,我们那里叫‘炼话’,用起来是很有意思的,恰如文言的用古典,听者也觉得趣味津津。”(见《门外文谈》)歇后语,就是鲁迅先生所说的这样一种产生于人民群众之口,而又为人民群众所喜爱运用的一种口语、“炼话”;同时,也是一种巧妙的修辞方法。它有一定的形式,与“谜语”很相似,一般都由两个部分组成,前一部分象谜面,大都是一个比喻;后一部分象谜底,也就是结论、解释、意义所在。说话,写文章使用歇后语,本来先应该说出前一部分,而歇去体现本意的后一部分,让别人去猜测、领会其中的意义,所以称为歇后语。但现在使用时,常常是两个 Mr. Lu Xun has always called on us to “professionalism” to reform articles and give a high degree of appreciation to the language of the people. He had enthusiastically praised: “In the local dialect, there are some meaningful words that we call “pure talk”. It is very interesting to use it. Classical Chinese is just like classical Chinese. The listener also finds it interesting.” (See the “Interpretation of the Words on the Outside Doors.”) This is what Mr. Lu Xun said when it came out of the masses of the people. The spoken language and “practice” used by the masses of the people are also a clever rhetorical method. It has a certain form. It is similar to the “riddle”. It is generally composed of two parts. The former part is like an riddle, which is mostly a metaphor; the latter part is like a puzzle, which is the conclusion, interpretation, and meaning. To speak and write articles using a proverb, one should first speak the first part, and then stop to reflect the latter part of the original intention, and let others guess and understand the meaning of it. But when used now, it is often two