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目的探讨口腔脱落细胞微核技术在接触丙烯腈人群遗传损伤监护中的应用价值。方法选择生产过程中接触不同浓度丙烯腈的2个工厂工人为接触组,按空气中丙烯腈浓度高低分为低浓度组(41名男性工人)和中浓度组(47名男性工人),另选择不接触任何毒物的男性工人31名为对照组,分别进行口腔黏膜脱落细胞微核和外周血淋巴细胞微核测试。结果2个丙烯腈接触组的口腔黏膜脱落细胞微核率(低浓度组:3.68‰±2.72‰;中浓度组:4.00‰±2.38‰)明显高于对照组(2.03‰±2.20‰),中浓度接触组的血淋巴细胞微核率(4.23‰±3.34‰)明显高于对照组(2.48‰±1.46‰),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在丙烯腈接触人群中,口腔黏膜脱落细胞微核试验和外周血淋巴细胞微核试验有相关关系(r=0.299~0.359,P<0.05)。结论在丙烯腈接触人群遗传损伤监护时,可用口腔黏膜脱落细胞微核试验代替外周血淋巴细胞微核试验作为筛查指标之一。
Objective To investigate the value of oral exfoliated cell micronuclei technique in the monitoring of genetic damage in people exposed to acrylonitrile. Methods Two factory workers exposed to different concentrations of acrylonitrile in the production process were selected as the exposure group and low concentration group (41 male workers) and medium concentration group (47 male workers) according to the concentration of acrylonitrile in the air. Thirty-one male workers who did not touch any poisons were used as the control group, and micronucleus test of oral mucosal exfoliated cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes respectively. Results The micronucleus rate of oral mucosal exfoliated cells in the two acrylonitrile exposure groups (low concentration group: 3.68 ‰ ± 2.72 ‰; moderate concentration group: 4.00 ‰ ± 2.38 ‰) were significantly higher than those in the control group (2.03 ‰ ± 2.20 ‰) The micronucleus rate of lymphocytes in the exposure group (4.23 ‰ ± 3.34 ‰) was significantly higher than that in the control group (2.48 ‰ ± 1.46 ‰), with statistical significance (P <0.05). Micronucleus test of oral mucosal exfoliated cells was correlated with micronucleus test of peripheral blood lymphocytes (r = 0.299 ~ 0.359, P <0.05) in the acrylonitrile exposure group. Conclusion Micronucleus test of oral mucosa exfoliated cells can replace the micronucleus test of peripheral blood lymphocytes as one of the screening indicators in the monitoring of genetic damage in people exposed to acrylonitrile.