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吸入性肺炎患者咳嗽反射明显减弱。动物实验表明喉部和气管支气管树内P物质减少使咳嗽反射减低。老年吸入性肺炎患者气道中P物质还未被研究,因而作者检测该病老年患者痰中的P物质浓度,并与健康对照者比较。患者32例,平均77士1岁,以X线胸片见有肺下段炎症为证据,至少发生过1次吸入性肺炎。健康对照者10例,平均75士3岁。检测痰中P物质浓度在每天同一时间进行,检测前72h受检者禁酒、停服镇静剂及影响自主神经功能的药物。用超声雾化器给受检者吸入3％的盐水(高渗盐水可帮助引出痰液),20min后当受检者咳出痰液时,取1ml痰液,用与神经激肽、缓激肽无交叉反应的抗血清测定痰液中的P物质浓度。结果健康对照组P物质的平均浓度为吸入性肺炎组的7倍(142.2士8.4比21.2士2.4fmol/ml,P<0.001)。作者认为痰中P物质的减少可能是老年人吸入性肺炎危险性增高的一个标志。
Cough reflex in patients with aspiration pneumonia was significantly reduced. Animal studies have shown that reducing substance P in the throat and tracheobronchial tree reduces cough reflexes. The substance P in the airway of elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia has not been studied, so the authors examined the substance P concentration in the sputum of elderly patients with this disease and compared them to healthy controls. 32 patients, an average of 77 persons 1 year old, with X-ray findings of lower lung inflammation as evidence, at least one aspiration pneumonia. Healthy control in 10 cases, an average of 75 persons 3 years old. Detection of sputum P substance concentration at the same time every day, 72 hours before the test subjects were prohibited alcohol, sedatives and drugs that affect autonomic nervous function. Injecting 3% saline (hypertonic saline helps to induce sputum) by using the ultrasonic nebulizer. When the subject coughs out the sputum after 20 minutes, take 1 ml of sputum and treat with neurokinin, bradykinin Peptide non-cross-reacting antiserum was assayed for substance P concentration in sputum. Results The average concentration of substance P in the healthy control group was seven times higher than that in the aspiration pneumonia group (142.2 ± 8.4 vs. 21.2 ± 2.4 fmol / ml, P <0.001). The author believes that the reduction of substance P in sputum may be a marker of the increased risk of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly.