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目的了解医院住院患者医院感染和抗菌药物使用现状,为有效预防和控制医院感染及合理用药提供依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,连续2年对某二级综合医院住院患者医院感染现患率情况进行调查与分析。结果在2013年和2014年调查当日,对住院患者的实查率都达到99%,两个调查日分别查出医院感染现患率为1.6%和3.0%。医院感染部位均以呼吸道感染为主,上呼吸道感染构成比为27.3%,下呼吸道感染构成比为40.9%。调查当日住院患者抗菌药物使用率分别为42.9%和50.2%;其中预防性用药分别占27.6%和35.9%,治疗性用药分别占66.2%和61.5%。结论该医院住院患者医院感染现患率在常规控制范围,但抗菌药物应用管理存在薄弱环节,预防性用药比例偏高,应引起管理部门重视。
Objective To understand the status of nosocomial hospital infection and antimicrobial use in hospitals and provide evidence for effective prevention and control of nosocomial infections and rational drug use. Methods The cross-sectional survey method was used to investigate and analyze the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection in inpatients in a second-level general hospital for two consecutive years. Results On the survey days of 2013 and 2014, the actual examination rate of inpatients was 99%. The prevalence rates of nosocomial infections were 1.6% and 3.0% respectively on two investigation days. Nosocomial infections were mainly respiratory tract infections, the constituent ratio of upper respiratory tract infection was 27.3% and the lower respiratory tract infection constituent ratio was 40.9%. On the day of investigation, the inpatients’ use of antibacterials were 42.9% and 50.2% respectively; prophylactic drugs accounted for 27.6% and 35.9% respectively, and therapeutic drugs accounted for 66.2% and 61.5% respectively. Conclusion The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection in hospital is within the range of routine control. However, there is a weak link in the management of antimicrobial application, and the proportion of prophylactic drugs is too high, which should be paid more attention to by management.