文明的起点是什么?学术界公认:文明起源的标志是文字的起源。什么是商业文明的基石?笔者认为:商业文明至少立身于两大基石——公平与诚信。公平,主要对于交易规则、社会体制、竞争机制、资源分享、信息对称,以及政府与社会服务、贡献与权益而言;诚信,主要对于交易各方以及参与商业活动、商业消费、商业服务乃至公共服务的机构与人而言。 What is the starting point of civilization? Academia is recognized: the origin of civilization is the origin of text. What is the cornerstone of commercial civilization? The author believes that: Commercial civilization is at least based on two cornerstones - fairness and integrity. Fairness, mainly for trading rules, social systems, competition mechanisms, resource sharing, information symmetry, and government and social services, contributions and benefits; integrity, mainly for parties to transactions and participation in commercial activities, commercial consumption, business services, and even public Service institutions and people.