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在衡量市场需求时,不仅要考虑人口规模和平均收入水平,还要充分注意收入的分配和支出情况。1978年以来,中国人口的收入差异明显拉大了,吉尼系数由80年代的0.3以下增至90年代的0.4,超过世界平均水平。根据中国人民大学1994年进行的城乡居民抽样调查的数据显示,占家庭总数的20％的高收入家庭拥有全部收入的50％,是中国市场的核心;而占家庭总数60％的最低、次低和中等收入的家庭却拥有不足28％的总收入,尤其是最低和次低两组家庭的收入只占总收入的4％和
When measuring market demand, we must not only consider the size of the population and the average income level, but also pay sufficient attention to the distribution of income and expenditure. Since 1978, the income gap of China’s population has significantly widened, and the Gini coefficient has increased from 0.3 in the 1980s to 0.4 in the 1990s, surpassing the world average. According to a sample survey of urban and rural residents conducted by Renmin University of China in 1994, high-income families, which account for 20% of the total number of households, have 50% of total income, which is the core of the Chinese market, and the lowest and second lowest of 60% of households. And middle-income households have less than 28% of total income, especially the lowest and second-lowest households, whose income is only 4% of total income.