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人类与语言的关系、语言与意义的关系以及语言与世界的关系一直是哲学界语言学界关注的话题。人类思维弥补了主观世界和客观世界的隔阂、成为其联系的必要纽带。语言符号是思维形成的一定的概念范畴的一种外化。从而语言、思维和物质世界形成三位一体性,它决定了语言是沟通主客观世界与人类思维方式的桥梁与纽带。语言的变化尤其是语词意义的演化也理应从思维或认知领域得到一定的理据;认知隐喻作为人类认知的基本方式,其对语词意义演化具有很强的阐释力。据此文中具体阐释了语义演化的诸多层面及其相应的隐喻理据。
The relationship between human and language, the relationship between language and meaning, and the relationship between language and the world has always been the focus of the philosophical linguistics community. Human thinking makes up for the estrangement of the subjective world and the objective world and becomes the necessary link of their connection. Linguistic signs are a kind of externalization of a certain category of concepts formed by thinking. As a result, language, thinking and the material world form a trinity. It determines that language is the bridge and link between the subjective and objective worlds and the human way of thinking. The change of language, especially the evolution of the meaning of words, should also get some justifications from the field of thinking or cognition. Cognitive metaphor, as the basic way of human cognition, has a strong explanatory power to the evolution of the meaning of words. Based on this, the paper explains many aspects of semantic evolution and its corresponding metaphorical motivation.