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Objective Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kind of renal diseases characterized mainly by proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. The disturbance of cellular immunity plays a major role in the pathogenesis of NS. The change of interleukin (IL)-13 produced by Th2 cells was investigated in 50 children with NS. Methods All the patients were selected during their nephrotic stage and remission stage. The expression of IL-13 protein and mRNA was determined by ELISA and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ) respectively. Results ①The production of IL-13 inphytoheamagglutinin (PHA)- stimulated monouuclear cells and the expression of IL-13 mRNA were siguificantly increased in patients in nephrotic stage as compared with controls. ②The expression of IL13 protein and mRNA in patients in remission stage was similar to that in the normal controls. ③Th_ere was no correlation between IL-13 and laboratory parameters. Conclusion The results suggest that the disturbance of cellu~r immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NS and they also demonstrate a protective role for IL-13 in the children uith NS.