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选用耐密性不同的两个大豆品种,设置了22.5万株·hm-2、30.0万株·hm-2和37.5万株·hm-2等3个密度,研究耐密性大豆的光合特性。试验结果表明,耐密品种垦丰16号,叶形指数高,上部冠层叶柄短,随着密度增加,耐密植品种垦丰16冠层上部叶柄长度显著低于普通品种,叶形指数高于普通品种,尤其是高密度条件下从第9节位开始垦丰16的叶形指数显著或极显著高于普通品种合丰39,从第11节开始叶柄长度短于合丰39,有利于通风透光;随着密度增大,耐密植品种垦丰16的叶色值峰值出现时期没有明显变化,密植条件下生育后期叶片持绿性更强;随着密度增加耐密植品种垦丰16净光合速率和水分利用率下降速度慢,当密度为30.0万株·hm-2时垦丰16与合丰39的净光合速率和水分利用率差异达到显著水平(分别为P=0.0423,P=0.0384),密度为37.5万株·hm-2时差异达到极显著水平(分别为P=0.0026,P=0.0042);随着密度增加耐密品种垦丰16产量逐渐增加,不耐密品种合丰39产量呈现先上升后降低的趋势,密度为37.5万株·hm-2时,两个品种间差异达到极显著水平(P=0.0024)。不同密度条件下垦丰16与合丰39在形态和光合生理指标的变化可以看出,耐密性春大豆品种冠层结构更有利于在高密度条件下通风透光,密植条件下后期持绿性强,光合速率和水分利用率受密度影响小,因此在高密度条件下能够获得较高的产量。
The two soybean cultivars with different density were used to study the photosynthetic characteristics of three soybean varieties with density of 225,000 hm-2, 3.0 million hm-2 and 375,000 hm-2. The results showed that the high-density variety Kenfeng 16 had a high leaf index and a short canopy at the upper canopy. As the density increased, the upper petiole length of Kenfeng 16 was significantly lower than that of common varieties, and the leaf index was higher than The average leaf index of Kenfeng 16 from the 9th position was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of the common variety Hefeng 39, especially from the 9th position under high density. The length of the petioles from the 11th was shorter than that of the Hefeng 39, which was conducive to ventilation With the increase of density, the peak value of leaf color value of Kenfeng 16 had no significant change, and the leaf-holding greening density was stronger under close planting condition. With the increase of density, Kenfeng 16 net photosynthesis The rate of decline and water use efficiency decreased slowly. When the density was 300,000 hm-2, the difference of net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of Kenfeng 16 and Hefeng 39 reached significant level (P = 0.0423, P = 0.0384, respectively) (P = 0.0026, P = 0.0042, respectively). With the increase of density, the yield of Kenfeng 16, a tolerant variety, increased gradually and the yield of impatient variety Hefeng 39 Showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the density was 375,000 hm-2, The difference reached a significant level (P = 0.0024). Under different density conditions, the change of morphological and photosynthetic physiological indexes of Kenfeng 16 and Hefeng 39 can be seen that the canopy structure of spring-tolerant spring soybean varieties is more conducive to ventilation and light transmittance under high density conditions, Strong, photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency by the density of small, so under high-density conditions to obtain higher yields.